Ageing in an herbaceous plant: Increases in mortality and decreases in physiology and seed mass

Quarles, Brandie M.; Roach, Deborah A.

doi:10.1111/1365-2745.13098

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Declines were found in three species, but one of these species Pinus sylvestris (Mencuccini, Oñate, Peñuelas, Rico, & Munné-Bosch, 2014) showed declines in some physiological traits but negligible change in other traits. In the other two species, Cistus clusii (Munné-Bosch & Lalueza, 2007) and Plantago lanceolata (Quarles & Roach, 2019), cross-sectional studies showed that older individuals had lower physiological performance, but for several traits these agedependent declines were only manifest during stressful conditions.…”

Section: Age Trajectories Among Species and Among Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life‐history trade‐offs and senescence in plants

Roach

Smith

2019

Functional Ecology

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1. An increasing number of studies have shown that senescence, the functional decline in traits and increased risk of mortality with increasing age, occurs in organisms in wild populations, but there is a wide range of diversity in the patterns of senescence across species.2. The antagonistic pleiotropy and the disposable soma theories of senescence predict that there will be life-history trade-offs between performance at early-and late-life stages. Plants show variation in senescence patterns and thus provide an opportunity to evaluate life-history trade-offs and senescence. Many plant species can be easily followed demographically and their environments, resources and allocation to reproduction can be manipulated, which makes them particularly good models to address these questions. 3. We compared the results from 22 studies of plant senescence in the wild and compiled 20 examples of life-history trade-offs in plants. Some of the unique features of plants that may influence senescence patterns and trade-offs in the wild are highlighted through the results.4. We found all three age-specific patterns: age decline, age improvement and no change with age for plants in the wild. Most species showed an age-dependent decline in at least one trait but, even within a species, the age-specific patterns of traits varied. Results also showed that trade-offs vary across environments and that plants can manipulate their resource pool through increases in photosynthesis, which will influence the manifestation of trade-offs.5. We conclude that aspects of plant biology including dynamic resource pools, the impact of size, dormancy and below-ground storage may influence both the patterns of senescence and life-history trade-offs. The diversity of plant life forms and life cycles provide a wealth of opportunities to experimentally study senescence in the context of life-history trade-offs.

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Section: Age Trajectories Among Species and Among Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life‐history trade‐offs and senescence in plants

Roach

Smith

2019

Functional Ecology

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“…, Dahlgren et al. , Quarles and Roach ). It has been suggested that some plants may even show “negative senescence,” an increasing survival probability after the onset of reproduction (Vaupel et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, the long-term studies that do exist show conflicting results regarding how age affects fecundity and survival. Several studies indicate no or negligible senescence in plants (Harper and White 1974, Rose et al 1998, Hutchings 2010, Dahlgren et al 2016c, but there are also recent studies that have found evidence of demographic senescence (Pico and Retana 2008, Roach et al 2009, Dahlgren et al 2016b, Quarles and Roach 2018. It has been suggested that some plants may even show "negative senescence," an increasing survival probability after the onset of reproduction (Vaupel et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic senescence and effects on population dynamics of a perennial plant

Edelfeldt

Bengtsson

Dahlgren

2019

Ecology

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Citation: Edelfeldt, S., K. Bengtsson, and J. P. Dahlgren. 2019. Demographic senescence and effects on population dynamics of a perennial plant. Ecology 100 (8):Abstract. Demographic rates in plants are usually assumed to be more stage or size dependent than age dependent, and aging is therefore not considered in demographic models. However, little is known about the effect of age on demographic rates, as there still are few studies based on long-term individual-based plant population data that consider both individual age and size. In addition, little is known about how aging of individuals may affect population dynamics. We present analyses of demographic data for three populations of Fumana procumbens collected 1985-2013, on individuals with known year of germination. We modeled age-and size-dependence of the vital rates of survival, growth, fruiting probability, and fruit number using thin plate spline regressions, and constructed an age 9 size integral projection model (IPM) to project population-level effects of aging. We found strong correlations between age and vital rates in solely age-based vital rate models, where vital rates initially increased with age, after which they stabilized and, in some cases, eventually declined. In survival models with both age and size, the effects of age were statistically significant, whereas size effects were insignificant at two of the sites. For other vital rates, most of the effect of age could be explained by size alone. In addition, including the age effects on survival in the IPM led to lower population growth rates compared to predictions of a size-only IPM. These results illustrate that demographic senescence does occur in perennial plants, which has only been demonstrated clearly in a few recent detailed studies. Moreover, we show that population projections may be overly optimistic if they do not consider plant age. We conclude that the possibility of demographic senescence should be considered in demographic population models, such as those used in viability analyses of threatened species.

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“…Plant size was estimated as the natural logarithm of the product of the maximum leaf length and the sum of all leaves (Noe & Blom, 1982; van Groenendael & Slim, 1988; cf. Quarles & Roach, 2019). We defined growth as the differences in above‐ground size of each individual between annual censuses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet other studies have reported the risk of death to be constant as plants age (Harper, 1967; Lauenroth & Adler, 2008; Law et al., 1977). Variation in plant demographic senescence has also been found not only for vital rates but also for physiological traits where some studies have reported no evidence for physiological declines with age (Lanner & Connor, 2001; Morales et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2020), but others have detected lower physiological performance in older individuals (Quarles & Roach, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of age on the demography of a perennial plant depend on interactions with size and environment

et al. 2020

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Age‐dependence of the demographic rates survival, fecundity and individual growth is a fundamental aspect of population biological theory. Knowledge about plant ageing can also be important for conservation and agriculture as it will improve the accuracy of population viability assessments and long‐term performance assessments in perennial crops. Recent studies show age effects on demographic rates for several plant species, yet much remains to be learned about the patterns and mechanisms of plant ageing, particularly about how age effects interact with the environment and with plant size. We collected age‐and‐size‐based demographic data, as well as individual‐based environmental data, for the perennial herb Plantago lanceolata in Denmark over three annual transitions (4 years). We combined frequent field monitoring of carefully mapped individuals with the underused technique of root histology to determine age of herbaceous plants. We used generalized linear mixed effects models to assess how age, soil properties and year influenced survival, growth and reproduction. Our results show no strong evidence of consistent age declines, rather, we found mostly positive effects of age on vital rates. For all vital rates, i.e. survival, growth, flowering and reproductive output, age effects also differed significantly among years. Additionally, we detected an interactive effect of age and size in the growth model. Size, and temporal and spatial environmental variation also affected vital rates independently of age. Synthesis. Our study shows that age‐dependence of demographic rates can depend both on individual size and environmental variation. These results suggest that a consideration of potential age‐interactions may improve the accuracy of comparative studies of ageing and population projections. Moreover, this study shows that much is still unknown about how plant ageing can be affected by the environment.

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Ageing in an herbaceous plant: Increases in mortality and decreases in physiology and seed mass

Cited by 10 publications

References 55 publications

Life‐history trade‐offs and senescence in plants

Life‐history trade‐offs and senescence in plants

Demographic senescence and effects on population dynamics of a perennial plant

The effects of age on the demography of a perennial plant depend on interactions with size and environment

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