Aged Red Garlic Extract Reduces Cigarette Smoke Extract‐induced Cell Death in Human Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells by Increasing Intracellular Glutathione Levels

Jeong, Yi-Yeong; Park, Hye-Jin; Cho, Young-Woo; Kim, Eun Jin; Kim, Gyu-Tae; Mun, Yun-Ja; Lee, Jong Deog; Shin, Jung-Hye; Sung, Nak‐Ju; Kang, Dawon; Han, Jaehee

doi:10.1002/ptr.3502

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…After 24 hours exposure, we observed that CSE, even at a 5% concentration, was ineffective on GSH intracellular levels. This result is well in agreement with the findings of Pace et al showing that total intracellular glutathione is not affected after a 18 hours treatment [20], and has been observed also in other epithelial airway cells [14,47,48], even if not in all cell types [35,49,50]. It could be explained as a cell adaptive response to a chronic CSE exposure.…”

Section: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistrysupporting

confidence: 82%

Short- and Long- Term Effects of Cigarette Smoke Exposure on Glutathione Homeostasis in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells

Bazzini

Rossetti

Civello

et al. 2013

Cell Physiol Biochem

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These authors equally contributed to this work Key WordsCigarette smoke • Oxidative stress • Glutathione • Carboxymethylcysteine • Airway epithelial cells Abstract Background: Cigarette smoke extract (CSE), a model for studying the effects of tobacco smoke in vivo and in vitro, induces cell oxidative stress and affects the antioxidative glutathione system. We evaluated the impact of CSE on airway epithelial cells and the possible cytoprotective effect of the mucolitic drug S-carboximethilcysteine lysine salt (S-CMCLys). Methods: Reduced glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) intracellular levels were evaluated by fluorimetry in human bronchial epithelial cells (16-HBE) and the expression and activity of enzymes of the GSH metabolic pathway were investigated by RT-PCR, Western blot and colorimetric assays. Results: CSE significantly increased cell mortality in a time and dose dependent manner, via an apoptosis-independent pathway. Short-term (3 hours) CSE exposure induced an increase in ROS levels and a GSH intracellular concentration drop. In parallel, the expression of glutathione peroxidases 2 and 3, glutathione reductase and glutamate-cysteine-ligase was increased. S-CMC-Lys was effective in counteracting these effects. Conclusion: CSE affects ROS levels, GSH concentration and GSH enzymes pathway. These effects can be to some extent reversed by S-CMC-Lys, that could represent a therapeutic tool to counteract CSE induced oxidative cellular injuries.

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Section: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistrysupporting

confidence: 82%

Short- and Long- Term Effects of Cigarette Smoke Exposure on Glutathione Homeostasis in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells

Bazzini

Rossetti

Civello

et al. 2013

Cell Physiol Biochem

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“…Aged black garlic has been generally reported to have excellent antioxidant potency when compared to fresh or cooked garlic. The reason is probably that the bioactivity of some natural products increases during the process of fermentation [17][18][19][20][21][22][23], but no specific experimental proof has yet established its anti-cancer efficacy. In this study, we have demonstrated that HEABG significantly decreased cell proliferation in human leukemic U937 cells by inducing apoptosis, as determined by DAPI staining, agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometric analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cells were grown and maintained in RPMI 1640 media (GIBCO-BRL, Grand Island, NY) supplemented with 1% penicillin-streptomycin and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, GIBCO-BRL) at 37℃ in a humidified atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO2. HEABG was isolated as previously described [20]. Briefly, aged black garlic extracts (500 ml) were purchased from Newgreen Food Co. (Changnyeong-gun, Gyeongsangnamdo, Republic of Korea) and successively partitioned with hexane, chloroform and n-butanol.…”

Section: Cell Culture and Preparation Of Heabgmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the most useful garlic preparations is aged black garlic, which is produced by aging whole garlic at high temperature and humidity [17]. Previous studies have shown that the extracts of aged black garlic have many pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, radical scavenging and anti-cancer effects [17][18][19][20][21][22]. Recently, Kim et al [23] reported that a hexane extract of aged black garlic (HEABG) potently suppressed the proliferation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-activated human endometrial stromal cells, through inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factors.…”

Section: Introduction 2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Induction of apoptosis by a hexane extract of aged black garlic in the human leukemic U937 cells

Park

Chung³

et al. 2014

Nutr Res Pract

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:In this study, the apoptogenic activity and mechanisms of cell death induced by hexane extract of aged black garlic (HEABG) were investigated in human leukemic U937 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide) assay. Apoptosis was detected using 4,6-diamidino-2-phenyllindile (DAPI) staining, agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry. The protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis. Caspase activity was measured using a colorimetric assay. RESULTS: Exposure to HEABG was found to result in a concentration-and time-dependent growth inhibition by induction of apoptosis, which was associated with an up-regulation of death receptor 4 and Fas legend, and an increase in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression. Apoptosis-inducing concentrations of HEABG induced the activation of caspase-9, an initiator caspase of the mitochodrial mediated intrinsic pathway, and caspase-3, accompanied by proteolytic degradation of poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase. HEABG also induced apoptosis via a death receptor mediated extrinsic pathway by caspase-8 activation, resulting in the truncation of Bid, and suggesting the existence of cross-talk between the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. However, pre-treatment of U937 cells with the caspase-3 inhibitor, z-DEVD-fmk, significantly blocked the HEABG-induced apoptosis of these cells, and increased the survival rate of HEABG-treated cells, confirming that HEABG-induced apoptosis is mediated through activation of caspase cascade. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the overall results, we suggest that HEABG reduces leukemic cell growth by inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis through both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, implying its potential therapeutic value in the treatment of leukemia.

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“…이러한 관점에서 본 연구진은 마늘의 가공조건을 변화하여 기존의 생마늘 및 흑마 늘과 차별화되는 색상과 물리적 특성을 가지는 홍마늘을 개발 하여 제조과정 중의 특성 [9], 생마늘, 흑마늘과의 생리활성 비 교 연구 [19,25], 항염증활성 [7] 숙성마늘 중의 대표적인 수용성 화합물인 S-allylcysteine (SAC)과 S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC), 지용성 화합물인 diallyl sulfide (DAS), triallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide (DADS), diallyl polysulfide 및 allixin과 같은 phenolic 화합 물, n-fructosyl glutamate, n-fructosyl arginine, 셀레늄 등은 …”

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Antioxidant and Antiobesity Activity of Solvent Fractions from Red Garlic

Hwang¹,

Shin²,

Kang³

et al. 2012

Journal of Life Science

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Development of garlic processing products by thermal treatment and researched biological activity of a new product, red garlic. Red garlic MeOH extract was graduated by solvents, such as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water, in order. Each solvent fraction was dried by a rotary evaporator and then resolved in water for analysis of its antioxidant and antiobesity activity. Browning compounds of red garlic fractions were the highest in the chloroform fraction. Total phenolic compounds and flavonoid content were highest in the hexane fraction. The chloroform fraction showed significantly higher activity in DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and antioxidant activity by FRAP. We propose that the antioxidant activity of the solvent fractions from red garlic was revealed interaction of browning compounds, total phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. Due to the higher activity of the shown fraction, the hexane and the chloroform fractions were have high contents of these compounds. Below 500 μg/ml, pancreatic lipase inhibition activity was significantly increased by sample concentration. And chloroform fraction, have the highest inhibition activity was shown over the 40%. In 3T3-L1 cells, the lipid accumulation inhibition activity was lower in the hexane and in the chloroform fraction than in the other fractions.

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Aged Red Garlic Extract Reduces Cigarette Smoke Extract‐induced Cell Death in Human Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells by Increasing Intracellular Glutathione Levels

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

Short- and Long- Term Effects of Cigarette Smoke Exposure on Glutathione Homeostasis in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells

Short- and Long- Term Effects of Cigarette Smoke Exposure on Glutathione Homeostasis in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells

Induction of apoptosis by a hexane extract of aged black garlic in the human leukemic U937 cells

Antioxidant and Antiobesity Activity of Solvent Fractions from Red Garlic

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