Aged lymphocyte proliferation following incorporation and retention of dietary omega-3 fatty acids

Vanmeter, A; Ehringer, William D.; Stillwell, William; Blumenthal, Elliott; Jenski, Laura J.

doi:10.1016/0047-6374(94)90079-5

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Other studies have shown that eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids inhibit rat lymphocyte or macrophage PKC activity in the presence of calcium, phosphatidylserine and DAG (155,156), whereas protein kinase A activity was unaffected by these fatty acids. In accordance with both the direct effects of n-3 PUFAs in vitro (155,156) and the effects of enriching phosphatidylserine with n-3 PUFAs (150), feeding mice fish oil resulted in diminished spleen lymphocyte PKC activity (157).…”

Section: Mechanisms By Which N-3 Pufas Might Affect Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Calder

1998

Braz J Med Biol Res

163

104

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1. Fish oils are rich in the long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acids. Linseed oil and green plant tissues are rich in the precursor fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3). Most vegetable oils are rich in the n-6 PUFA linoleic acid (18:2n-6), the precursor of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6). 2. Arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids such as prostaglandin E2 are pro-inflammatory and regulate the functions of cells of the immune system. Consumption of fish oils leads to replacement of arachidonic acid in cell membranes by eicosapentaenoic acid. This changes the amount and alters the balance of eicosanoids produced. 3. Consumption of fish oils diminishes lymphocyte proliferation, T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, natural killer cell activity, macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity, monocyte and neutrophil chemotaxis, major histocompatibility class II expression and antigen presentation, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukins 1 and 6, tumour necrosis factor) and adhesion molecule expression. 4. Feeding laboratory animals fish oil reduces acute and chronic inflammatory responses, improves survival to endotoxin and in models of autoimmunity and prolongs the survival of grafted organs. 5. Feeding fish oil reduces cell-mediated immune responses. 6. Fish oil supplementation may be clinically useful in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions and following transplantation. 7. n-3 PUFAs may exert their effects by modulating signal transduction and/or gene expression within inflammatory and immune cells.

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Section: Mechanisms By Which N-3 Pufas Might Affect Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Calder

1998

Braz J Med Biol Res

163

104

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“…The average lifespan reported by the Jackson Laboratory for virgin CBA/J females is about 18 mon, and about 22 mon for several common inbred mouse strains. The diet used here is based on a previous study from our laboratory (11). The function of the initial HCO diet is to reduce the membrane DHA content accumulated during a lifetime on "chow" which contains fish meal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of docosahexaenoic acid on mouse mitochondrial membrane properties

Stillwell

Jenski

Crump

et al. 1997

Lipids

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114

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Long-chain polyunsaturated (n-3) fatty acids have been proposed to be involved in a wide variety of biological activities. In this study, mitochondrial docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were increased by either dietary manipulation or by fusing the mitochondria with phospholipid vesicles made from 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (18:0/22:6 PC). The fused mitochondria exhibited a DHA-induced decrease in respiratory control index (RCI) and membrane potential and an increase in proton movement. The modified mitochondria also demonstrated an increase in fluidity (as detected by 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene anisotropy) and changes in membrane structure detected by the fluorescence probes MC540 and pyrene decanoate. Proton movement in lipid vesicles made from mitochondrial lipid extracts was shown to be enhanced by incorporated 18:0/22:6 PC. Mitochondria were isolated from young (5-mon) and old (24-mon) mice which were maintained on either a diet rich in saturated fats (hydrogenated coconut oil) or rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fats (menhaden oil). Mitochondrial bioenergetic function was followed by RCI, state 3 respiration, ATP level, and phosphate uptake. In addition, lipid composition, phospholipid area/molecule and extent of lipid peroxidation were also determined. Decreases in RCI for the menhaden oil diet-modified mitochondria paralleled those in which DHA levels were enhanced by fusion with phospholipid vesicles. RCI reductions are attributed to DHA-induced increases in H+ movement, producing diminished mitochondrial membrane potentials. One purpose of this project was to determine if the deleterious effects of aging on mitochondrial bioenergetic function could be reversed by addition of n-3 fatty acids. The experiments reported here indicate that incorporation of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids into mitochondrial membranes does not appear likely to reverse the effects of age on mitochondrial function.

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“…In sharp contrast to the few tissues containing high levels are the other tissues where DHA is often found below 5 mol% of the total phospholipid acyl chains. DHA levels in these tissues can be enriched several fold through the diet [29,37,38] and the fatty acid is primarily Figure 1. Structure of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 ∆4, 7, 10,13,16,19 ).…”

Section: Dha: Location In Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Docosahexaenoic acid affects cell signaling by altering lipid rafts

et al. 2005

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-With 22 carbons and 6 double bonds docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the longest and most unsaturated fatty acid commonly found in membranes. It represents the extreme example of a class of important human health promoting agents known as omega-3 fatty acids. DHA is particularly abundant in retinal and brain tissue, often comprising about 50% of the membrane's total acyl chains. Inadequate amounts of DHA have been linked to a wide variety of abnormalities ranging from visual acuity and learning irregularities to depression and suicide. The molecular mode of action of DHA, while not yet understood, has been the focus of our research. Here we briefly summarize how DHA affects membrane physical properties with an emphasis on membrane signaling domains known as rafts. We report the uptake of DHA into brain phosphatidylethanolamines and the subsequent exclusion of cholesterol from the DHA-rich membranes. We also demonstrate that DHA-induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells is associated with externalization of phosphatidylserine and membrane disruption ("blebbing"). We conclude with a proposal of how DHA incorporation into membranes may control cell biochemistry and physiology. apoptosis / docosahexaenoic acid / lipid rafts / membranes / phospholipids

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Aged lymphocyte proliferation following incorporation and retention of dietary omega-3 fatty acids

Cited by 25 publications

References 45 publications

Immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Effect of docosahexaenoic acid on mouse mitochondrial membrane properties

Docosahexaenoic acid affects cell signaling by altering lipid rafts

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