Aged garlic extract with supplement is associated with increase in brown adipose, decrease in white adipose tissue and predict lack of progression in coronary atherosclerosis

Ahmadi, Naser; Nabavi, Vahid; Hajsadeghi, Fereshteh; Zeb, Irfan; Flores, Ferdinand; Ebrahimi, Ramin; Budoff, Matthew J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.182

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Recent studies have also reported that the increased oxidative stress characterizing EAT of CAD patients is capable of promoting transdifferentiation of brown to white adipocytes [47] and that an increase in 'brown' features of EAT could predict the stability of coronary atheromas in humans [48]. These data support the hypothesis that the presence of adipocytes with brown features in EAT might also contribute to render the local environment proatherogenic.…”

Section: The Clinical Relevance Of Eat In Coronary Artery Diseasesupporting

confidence: 58%

Epicardial adipose tissue: at the heart of the obesity complications

Guglielmi

Sbraccia

2017

Acta Diabetol

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In recent years, the anatomic and functional contiguity of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) to myocardium and coronary arteries has gained increasing interest for its potential pathogenetic role in obesity-related cardiac diseases. Besides its known and attributed biochemical cardioprotective properties, it is becoming evident that, in metabolic disease states, EAT-secreted bioactive molecules may play an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and cardiac arrhythmias. EAT-derived inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxidative species may, indeed, play a part in the development of a local proatherogenic milieu by paracrine and vasocrine mechanisms of interaction. In addition, initial clinical and in vitro studies have pointed out that EAT could be a determinant of the substrate of atrial fibrillation by contributing to the structural and electrical remodeling of myocardium. This article reviews the current state of knowledge on the association of EAT with cardiac dysfunction and the potential factors mediating the cross talk between this fat depot and the underlying cardiac structures.

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Section: The Clinical Relevance Of Eat In Coronary Artery Diseasesupporting

confidence: 58%

Epicardial adipose tissue: at the heart of the obesity complications

Guglielmi

Sbraccia

2017

Acta Diabetol

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“…78 Yet another study revealed that an increase in brown epicardial fat was associated with a prediction of lack of progression of coronary atherosclerosis in humans. 79 Indeed, these observations support the hypothesis that brown adipocytes within epicardial fat could serve as a therapeutic target for altering the proximal environment around the heart that could eventually alter the development and progression of CAD; however, a greater understanding of the thermogenic properties and its association with the atherogenic profile of epicardial fat would have to be established before a conclusive role can be offered to these adipocytes.…”

Section: Can Brown Adipocytes Of Epicardial Serve As a Therapeutic Tasupporting

confidence: 53%

Thermogenic potential and physiological relevance of human epicardial adipose tissue

Chechi

Richard

2015

Int J Obes Supp

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Epicardial adipose tissue is a unique fat depot around the heart that shares a close anatomic proximity and vascular supply with the myocardium and coronary arteries. Its accumulation around the heart, measured using various imaging modalities, has been associated with the onset and progression of coronary artery disease in humans. Epicardial adipose tissue is also the only fat depot around the heart that is known to express uncoupling protein 1 at both mRNA and protein levels in the detectable range. Recent advances have further indicated that human epicardial fat exhibits beige fat-like features. Here we provide an overview of the physiological and pathophysiological relevance of human epicardial fat, and further discuss whether its thermogenic properties can serve as a target for the therapeutic management of coronary heart disease in humans.

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“…Nine trials lasted less than 8 weeks (Atkin, Laight, & Cummings, 2016;Kikuchi et al, 1994 [each 4 weeks]; Weiss et al, 2006 [6 weeks]; Kawashima et al, 1986 [3 weeks];Lau, 2001;Okuhara, (1994); Phelps & Harris, 1993;Williams, Sutherland, McCormick, Yeoman, & de Jong, 2005 [each 14 days]; Munday, James, Fray, Kirkwood, & Thompson, 1999 [1 week, controlled but not blinded]). The controlled study by Lau, Lam, and Wang-Cheng (1987) over 6 months had no blinded design, likewise the studies by Steiner and Lin (1998), Steiner and Li (2001), Seo et al (2012), and Ahmadi et al (2013). The study by Okuhira, Holbert, Sandhu, and Steiner ((2000)) cited in Budoff et al (2009) was not published in Phytomedicine as stated and could not be (2002), Dillon, Lowe, Billington, and Rahman (2002), Ohnishi, Ohnishi, and Ogunmola (2000), Rahman and Billington (2000), Dimitrov and Bennink (1997), Abdullah et al (1989), Kawashima et al (1989, 1985, and Miyoshi et al (1984) were open and uncontrolled ( Figure 1a).…”

Section: Aged Garlic (Age)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary evidence of the clinical effectiveness of odourless garlic

Vlachojannis

Schoenenberger

Erné

et al. 2019

Phytotherapy Research

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This study attempts a systematic evaluation of the clinical evidence for the use of odourless garlic prepared by ageing or fermentation. By PubMed, CENTRAL, and handsearching, 59 clinical studies were identified for potential extraction, of which 24 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The quality of the studies and evidence of effectiveness were assessed by an established set of conventional criteria. Even the 12 best clinical trials (50%) had fundamental flaws that prevented to grade them as confirmatory. On the basis of a subsample of 19 exploratory studies (79%), an impressive reduction of cardiovascular risk was found for odourless garlic (evidence of effectiveness, “moderate” and for other indications, “poor”). Evidence of effectiveness is further limited by the fact that most studies used aged garlic produced by one pharmaceutical company and that products differed in composition and dose of the marker substance S‐allyl‐cysteine. In case odourless garlic is potentially an effective remedy in particular for cardiovascular diseases, we discern an urgent need for long‐term confirmatory studies. The ultimate cardiovascular endpoint for definitive studies would be mortality, but reductions in blood pressure or demonstrable decreases in atherosclerotic plaques or blood markers of cardiovascular risk would be useful surrogates. Sample sizes for various assumptions are provided.

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Aged garlic extract with supplement is associated with increase in brown adipose, decrease in white adipose tissue and predict lack of progression in coronary atherosclerosis

Cited by 38 publications

References 41 publications

Epicardial adipose tissue: at the heart of the obesity complications

Epicardial adipose tissue: at the heart of the obesity complications

Thermogenic potential and physiological relevance of human epicardial adipose tissue

Preliminary evidence of the clinical effectiveness of odourless garlic

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