Aged garlic extract protects against oxidative stress and renal changes in cisplatin-treated adult male rats

Abstract

BackgroundCisplatin (CP) is one of the effective anticancer drugs, but it causes many side effects. Aged garlic extract (AGE) is a natural herbal product used in management of many diseases.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate effect of AGE on CP-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.Material and methodsFour equal groups of adult male rats: control, AGE -treated (250 mg/kg, once oral dose/ 21days), CP-treated (7.5 mg/kg once i.p. on day 16th.), combined AGE and CP-treated were used. Body and kidneys weights of each rat were calculated. Serum levels of kidney biomarkers were assessed. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduce glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities of renal tissues were measured as well. Renal samples from each rat were prepared for light and electron microscopic examinations.ResultsHemorrhage, glomerular atrophy, inflammatory cell infiltration, tubular necrosis and degeneration were observed in CP-treated rats. Also, a significant (P<0.001) reduction in SOD & CAT activities, GSH levels accompanied with a significant increase in serum levels of kidney biomarkers and MDA were determined in CP-treated rats compared to control group. However, most of CP-induced histomorphological, ultrastructural and biochemical changes were improved in animals pretreated with AGE.ConclusionSuch renoprotective effect of AGE may be attributed to its antioxidant activity.

Periodontitis changes renal structures by oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation

“…In this respect, our results show for the first time that periodontitis can reduce renal GSH levels caused by experimental periodontitis. Changes in GSH content were observed in injured kidneys by Nasr and Saleh (). Our results corroborated those authors’ findings, demonstrating the renal changes caused by experimental periodontitis.…”

“…In our model, we found increased levels of renal MDA in the periodontitis group in comparison with the control group, reported for the first time in the scientific literature. These higher MDA levels in the kidneys are common in cases of changed tissues (Nasr & Saleh, ).…”

Effect of vitamin E on biochemical and ultrastructural changes in acrylamide-induced renal toxicity in rats

“…37 The PAS results of this research were similar to another research that was done to study the effect of cisplatin (CP) on the kidney, revealed, weak positive PAS reaction in the brush border and basement membranes of the healthy PCT and DCT in CP-treated rats. 38 All the above mentioned apoptotic figures were confirmed by strong positive cytoplasmic and nuclear NF-kβ immunoreaction in the epithelial cells of the renal cortex compared with very weak Bcl2 immunoreaction. These results were approved statistically and by another study which concluded that the ROS activates NF-κB, which then ultimately leads to activation of ERK1/ERK2 pathway that lead to fibronectin expression.…”

“…However, the DCT of CP-treated rats showed apoptotic nuclear changes with fragmented nuclear envelop, thick basement membrane with few basal infoldings, small sized degenerated mitochondria, many lysosomes and cytoplasmic vacuoles. 38 The harmful effects of ACR were also approved by the biochemical results which showed high significant increase in the mean concentration of serum creatinine, BUN and LDH, and a high significant decrease in the mean concentration of serum albumin.…”

“…In PASstained sections to investigate the antioxidant effect of aged garlic extract against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity, strong positive PAS reaction was observed in the brush border of proximal convoluted tubules (PCT), basement membrane of both PCT and distal convoluted tubules (DCT), and parietal layer of Bowman's capsule. 38 There was also weak positive cytoplasmic and nuclear NF-kβ immunoreaction with strong Bcl2 positive reaction. Several agents antagonize NF-kB, such as drugs in clinical use for treatment of renal disease, e.g.…”