Age, weight and decompression sickness in rats

Buzzacott, Peter; Théron, Michaël; Mazur, Aleksandra; Wang, Qiong; Lambrechts, Kate; Eftedal, Ingrid; Ardestani, Simin Berenji; Guerrero, François

doi:10.3109/13813455.2016.1140787

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Because both age and weight are known to influence the probability of DCS (Buzzacott et al, 2016 ), animals used in these experiments were all the same age (12 weeks old) and similar weights (450 ± 50 g) on the day of the experiment. The simulated dive protocol has been previously described (Mazur et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Has a Protective Effect on Decompression Sickness in Rats

et al. 2018

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Introduction: Commercial divers, high altitude pilots, and astronauts are exposed to some inherent risk of decompression sickness (DCS), though the mechanisms that trigger are still unclear. It has been previously showed that diving may induce increased levels of serum angiotensin converting enzyme. The renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) is one of the most important regulators of blood pressure and fluid volume. The purpose of the present study was to control the influence of angiotensin II on the appearance of DCS.Methods: Sprague Dawley rats have been pre-treated with inhibitor of angiotensin II receptor type 1 (losartan; 10 mg/kg), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (enalapril; 10 mg/kg), and calcium-entry blocker (nifedipine; 20 mg/kg). The experimental groups were treated for 4 weeks before exposure to hyperbaric pressure while controls were not treated. Seventy-five rats were subjected to a simulated dive at 1000 kPa absolute pressure for 45 min before starting decompression. Clinical assessment took place over a period of 60 min after surfacing. Blood samples were collected for measurements of TBARS, interleukin 6 (IL-6), angiotensin II (ANG II) and ACE.Results: The diving protocol induced 60% DCS in non-treated animals. This ratio was significantly decreased after treatment with enalapril, but not other vasoactive drugs. Enalapril did not change ANG II or ACE concentration, while losartant decreased post dive level of ACE but not ANG II. None of the treatment modified the effect of diving on TBARS and IL-6 values.Conclusion: Results suggests that the rennin angiotensin system is involved in a process of triggering DCS but this has to be further investigated. However, a vasorelaxation mediated process, which potentially could increase the load of inert gas during hyperbaric exposure, and antioxidant properties were excluded by our results.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Has a Protective Effect on Decompression Sickness in Rats

et al. 2018

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“…None of these, however, has been able to predict the "bubbling behavior," even if in rodents, this may be the case. 25 Young and fit divers seem to have a lesser risk for high Vge counts after decompression than older divers or divers in poorer physical condition. 26 on one hand, these uncertainties still severely limit the practical application of results obtained from post-dive bubble studies.…”

Section: On the Bubble Sidementioning

confidence: 93%

Diving physiopathology: the end of certainties? Food for thought

Balestra¹,

Germonpré²,

Rocco³

et al. 2019

Minerva Anestesiol

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our understanding of decompression physiopathology has slowly improved during this last decade and some uncertainties have disappeared. a better understanding of anatomy and functional aspects of patent foramen ovale (PFo) have slowly resulted in a more liberal approach toward the medical fitness to dive for those bearing a PFO. Circulating vascular gas emboli (Vge) are considered the key actors in development of decompression sickness and can be considered as markers of decompression stress indicating induction of pathophysiological processes not necessarily leading to occurrence of disease symptoms. During the last decade, it has appeared possible to influence post-dive VGE by a so-called "preconditioning" as a pre-dive denitrogenation, exercise or some pharmacological agents. in the text we have deeply examined all the scientific evidence about this complicated but challenging theme. Finally, the role of the "normobaric oxygen paradox" has been clarified and it is not surprising that it could be involved in neuroprotection and cardioprotection. However, the best level of inspired oxygen and the exact time frame to achieve optimal effect is still not known. The aim of this paper was to reflect upon the most actual uncertainties and distil out of them a coherent, balanced advice towards the researchers involved in gas-bubbles-related pathologies.

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“…Impacts of decompression-induced VGE can vary from skin irritation to central nervous system impairment or stroke-like symptoms [1]. Post decompression VGE and subsequent DCS injury can be seen in small animal models subjected to extreme dive profiles [4][5][6][7]. Rodent models allow for translational experimentation that provides valuable information to the nature of these bubbles without requiring human subjects to conduct high risk dives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This characteristic has been used in diving research as a method for determining the presence of post-dive VGE. Ultrasonography tends to be the most popular imaging method in decompression bubble publications, which can likely be attributed to its real-time diagnostic capability and sensitivity to gas bubbles, as well as the fact that it is non-ionizing and highly portable [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperbaric exposure in rodents with non-invasive imaging assessment of decompression bubbles: A scoping review protocol

et al. 2022

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Hyperbaric pressure experiments have provided researchers with valuable insights into the effects of pressure changes, using various species as subjects. Notably, extensive work has been done to observe rodents subjected to hyperbaric pressure, with differing imaging modalities used as an analytical tool. Decompression puts subjects at a greater risk for injury, which often justifies conducting such experiments using animal models. Therefore, it is important to provide a broad view of previously utilized methods for decompression research to describe imaging tools available for researchers to conduct rodent decompression experiments, to prevent duplicate experimentation, and to identify significant gaps in the literature for future researchers. Through a scoping review of published literature, we will provide an overview of decompression bubble information collected from rodent experiments using various non-invasive methods of ultrasound for decompression bubble assessment. This review will adhere to methods outlined by the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis and be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Literature will be obtained from the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. Extracted sources will first be sorted to a list for inclusion based on title and abstract. Two independent researchers will then conduct full-text screening to further refine included papers to those relevant to the scope. The final review manuscript will cover methods, data, and findings for each included publication relevant to non-invasive in vivo bubble imaging.

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Age, weight and decompression sickness in rats

Abstract: International audienc

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Has a Protective Effect on Decompression Sickness in Rats

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Has a Protective Effect on Decompression Sickness in Rats

Diving physiopathology: the end of certainties? Food for thought

Hyperbaric exposure in rodents with non-invasive imaging assessment of decompression bubbles: A scoping review protocol

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