Age-stratified sex differences in polysomnographic findings and pharyngeal morphology among children with obstructive sleep apnea

Inoshita, Ayako; Kasai, Takatoshi; Matsuoka, Rina; Sata, Naoko; Shiroshita, Nanako; Kawana, Fusae; Kato, Megumi; Ikeda, Katsuhisa

doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.463

Cited by 5 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…[10][11][12][13][14] However, limited studies have examined the effects of age and gender in children with OSA, and these studies have reported inconsistent findings. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Don et al 17 discovered that among children with OSA, the OSA severity was greater in the children under 3 years of age. In a study by Chuang et al, 21 OSA severity was not significantly different among preschoolers, school-aged children, and adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age‐ and gender‐related characteristics in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea

Kang

Weng

Lee

et al. 2022

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Background Age and gender disparities in polysomnographic findings in children are not well understood. Objective This study determined age and gender‐related characteristics in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Method Retrospectively, data were collected. We analyzed polysomnographic data in the following age groups: 3–6 years (n = 681), 6–9 years (n = 553), 9–12 years (n = 297), 12–15 years (n = 200), and 15–18 years (n = 111). Results A total of 1842 children were included (mean age: 8.0 years; boys: 67%; obesity: 21%). The apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) gradually increased with age (3–6, 6–9, 9–12, 12–15, and 15–18 years groups: 6.2, 5.9, 6.5, 8.1, and 9.9 event/h, respectively; p trend = 0.002). In all age groups, boys had a higher AHI than girls (7.8 vs. 4.1 events/h, p < 0.001). Children with obesity had a higher AHI than those without (12.9 vs. 4.9 events/h, p < 0.001). The mean AHI in the boys increased with age (3–6 to 15–18 years groups: 7.0–13.6 events/h, respectively; p trend < 0.001), whereas the mean AHI in the girls was not significantly different between ages (p trend = 0.492). In moderation analyses, gender was a moderator in the association between obesity and AHI, and the association between age and AHI during 12–15 and 15–18 years of ages. Conclusion Male gender and obesity increase risk of OSA. Regarding age disparities, this study discovered a higher AHI in male adolescents than in young boys.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age‐ and gender‐related characteristics in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea

Kang

Weng

Lee

et al. 2022

Pediatric Pulmonology

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“…Both patients in our study were male and aged over 12 years old. Inoshita et al 21 reported that in the adolescent group (8-15 years) the male airway is narrower and the adenoid/nasopharyngeal ratio is greater than that of female adolescents. It is also suspected because of the role of estrogen in the adenoid-tonsil tissue regression in puberty of female patients, whereas not so in male.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mometasone furoate effect on interleukin-6 of adenoid surface and serum in adenoid hypertrophy patients

Mujahid

Suheryanto

Maharani

2021

Oto Rhino Laryn Indones

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Background: Adenoid hypertrophy is one of the most common problems in children resulting in obstruction of the posterior nasal. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a role in acute and chronic infections, hematopoesis, T cells and B cells formation. Purpose: To determine the effect of intranasal mometasone furoate administration on IL-6 level of adenoid surface and serum and the adenoid size in patients with adenoid hypertrophy. Method: A one group pre- and posttest design involving 17 patients age 5 to 14 years. The patients underwent nasoendoscopic examination to determine the adenoid size, measurement of adenoid surface IL-6, and serum IL-6 level before and after 6 weeks treatment of intranasal mometasone furoate. Results: There were significant decrease of the adenoid surface IL-6 level, serum IL-6 level, and adenoid size with a p value <0.05. There was a significant positive correlation between the levels of adenoid surface IL-6 and serum IL-6 (r=0.517; p=0.033). A significant positive correlation was obtained between the decrease of adenoid surface and serum IL-6 levels with the decrease of adenoid size (p<0.05). Conclusion: The use of intranasal mometasone furoate can decrease the IL-6 levels of adenoid surface and serum, and the adenoid size in patients with adenoid hypertrophy.

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“…This could be possibly attributed to the small sample as well as the onset of OSAS in childhood. Gender differences in the prevalence of OSAS occur from adolescence and henceforth, due to mainly anatomical differentiations in the UA 39 , whereas during childhood, boys and girls demonstrate similar OSAS severity, indicating different pathophysiology 40 . In fact, adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the main cause of OSAS in prepubertal children, regardless of the gender 41 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep disordered breathing from preschool to early adult age and its neurocognitive complications: A preliminary report

Astara¹,

Siachpazidou²,

Vavougios³

et al. 2021

Sleep Sci

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Objective:The onset and development of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) remains unclear in an age -dependent manner. Despite treatment, persistent symptoms such as snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness, as well as cognitive impairment may be present. The aim of the research was to determine the prevalence of residual symptoms of SDB in adolescence and early adulthood, the predisposing factors and its neurocognitive complications. Methods: In the present pilot studycohort, a questionnaire was utilized to 154 people (average age: 17.9 ± 3), who as children (mean age: 5.3 ± 1.4) had AHI ≥2.5 episodes/h. They were divided into two groups based on AHI = 5 episodes/h. Depending on the results, they were invited to undergo a repeated polysomnography (PSG) and complete the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. Statistical analysis was made with IBM SPSS software. Results: Out of the total, 35.7% claimed to still snore. AHI was negatively correlated to the severity of residual symptoms (Mann-Witney U test, p <0.005). According to repeated PSGs, 9/17 met the criteria for OSAS, while high BMI was associated with the severity of new AHI (chi squared test, p<0.005). Additionally, 7/16 scored below the MoCA baseline (<26/30). The characteristics of cognitive declines were mapped, with most prominent having been visuospatial, short -term memory and naming/language deficits. Discussion: A significant percentage of children with sleep breathing disorder present with residual symptoms during their transition to early adulthood, as well as undiagnosed neurocognitive complications. Clinicians suspicion for the underlying neurocognitive complications is required, even in young adults, while guidelines on monitoring pediatric OSAS patients after treatment should be addressed.

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Age-stratified sex differences in polysomnographic findings and pharyngeal morphology among children with obstructive sleep apnea

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Age‐ and gender‐related characteristics in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea

Age‐ and gender‐related characteristics in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea

Mometasone furoate effect on interleukin-6 of adenoid surface and serum in adenoid hypertrophy patients

Sleep disordered breathing from preschool to early adult age and its neurocognitive complications: A preliminary report

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