Age-standardized cancer-incidence trends in Canada, 1971–2015

Abstract

xamination of historical data in Canada suggests that overall age-standardized incidence rates of cancer have decreased in males, but have increased in females. 1 Among both males and females between 1992 and 2013, the annual percent change (APC) in age-standardized incidence rates varied considerably among cancer sites, with the largest proportional increases seen in thyroid and liver cancers, and the largest decreases seen in stomach and laryngeal cancers. 1 However, analysis of age-standardized overall cancer rates may mask important epidemiologic trends for a given cancer site. For example, while overall rates of colorectal cancer are decreasing in Canada, we have previously shown that incidence is increasing substantially among adults younger than 50 years of age. 2 This discrepancy highlights the importance of examining the long-term trends in age-standardized incidence by individual cancer sites, which may be missed in overall trends. Age-standardized trends may provide insights that are of clinical or epidemiologic value, such as how previous primaryand secondary-prevention interventions affected the health of a population. Analysis by birth cohort can also help to inform hypotheses about potential early-life risk factors that have changed over generations. Finally, understanding cancerincidence trends specific to age and birth cohort can help guide future health-resource planning, as they may suggest health care needs of subpopulations. Although trends in cancer incidence have been well characterized in Canada for all ages combined, age-and birth cohort-specific trends have not been investigated for most cancer sites. In this study, we examined age-and birth cohort-specific incidence trends in Canada between 1971 and 2015 for 16 major cancer sites and all cancers combined.

Emerging cancer incidence trends in Canada: The growing burden of young adult cancers

“…Incidence patterns in young adults, especially when contrasted with those in older adults, can be informative for public health decision making and establishing research priorities. Notable increases observed in this study and others 2,9‐11 have suggested a potential link with the increasing prevalence of obesity in younger adults. Indeed, among the cancer sites for which IARC identified sufficient evidence of excess body weight being a risk factor, 8 were identified to be significantly increasing among young adults in this study (esophagus, colon, rectum, gallbladder, pancreas, corpus uteri, kidney, and thyroid).…”

Ethnicity and survival in bladder cancer: a population-based study based on the SEER database

“…Previous studies have shown that sex, age, smoking, arsenic in drinking water, and ethnicity can affect the risk of bladder cancer [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Some studies have shown that the number of male patients affected by bladder cancer is three to four times that of female patients [15].…”

Co-consumption of Vegetables and Fruit, Whole Grains, and Fiber Reduces the Cancer Risk of Red and Processed Meat in a Large Prospective Cohort of Adults from Alberta’s Tomorrow Project

“…Similarly, the CCHS 24-h dietary recall data from 2004 to 2015 revealed that the intake of processed meat remained the same in all age groups [ 50 ]. The high intakes of meat, and processed meat in particular, may underlie the increasing trends in obesity-related cancers (notably, CRC, pancreas, endometrium, kidney, liver, prostate, thyroid, and ureter) in the past few decades, with increasing incidence observed in younger generations and age groups [ 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”