Age-specific Trends in Colorectal Cancer Incidence for Women and Men, 1935–2017

Kehm, Rebecca D.; Lima, Sarah M.; Swett, Katrina; Mueller, Lloyd; Yang, Wan; Gonsalves, Lou; Terry, Mary Beth

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2021.05.050

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Notwithstanding cases in all countries are on the rise, most CRC cases occur in Western countries, where there is an increase in incidence[ 28 ]. CRC rates in older adults in the United States have declined in recent years probably due to increased screening, but rates in younger adults have been rising, which may be correlated with higher incidence of obesity and other diet and lifestyle trends in the western hemisphere[ 29 ].…”

Section: Crc and Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer

Quaglio¹,

Grillo²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2022

WJG

152

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The gut microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms that inhabit the digestive tracts of humans, living in symbiosis with the host. Dysbiosis, characterized by an imbalance between the beneficial and opportunistic gut microbiota, is associated with several gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), represented by ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease; and colorectal cancer (CRC). Dysbiosis can disrupt the mucosal barrier, resulting in perpetuation of inflammation and carcinogenesis. The increase in some specific groups of harmful bacteria, such as Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), has been associated with chronic tissue inflammation and the release of pro-inflammatory and carcinogenic mediators, increasing the chance of developing CRC, following the inflammation-dysplasia-cancer sequence in IBD patients. Therefore, the aim of the present review was to analyze the correlation between changes in the gut microbiota and the development and maintenance of IBD, CRC, and IBD-associated CRC. Patients with IBD and CRC have shown reduced bacterial diversity and abundance compared to healthy individuals, with enrichment of Firmicute s and Bacteroidetes . Specific bacteria are also associated with the onset and progression of CRC, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum , E. coli , Enterococcus faecalis , Streptococcus gallolyticus , and ETBF. Future research can evaluate the advantages of modulating the gut microbiota as preventive measures in CRC high-risk patients, directly affecting the prognosis of the disease and the quality of life of patients.

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Section: Crc and Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer

Quaglio¹,

Grillo²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2022

WJG

152

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“…Incidence of early‐onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC)—typically defined as colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosed before age 50—has increased alarmingly in many countries including the United States (US) in recent decades 1–5 . A few recent studies, including our own, 6 have identified several risk factors of EOCRC, including alcohol drinking, 6,7 smoking, 8 red and processed meat intake, 8,9 low calcium intake, 10 and obesity 11,12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental drivers of the rising incidence of early‐onset colorectal cancer in the United States

Chen,

Terry,

Dalerba

et al. 2024

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Incidence of early‐onset (diagnosed before age 50) colorectal cancer (EOCRC) has increased alarmingly since the 1990s in the United States. This study investigated what environmental exposures may have driven this increase. We obtained EOCRC incidence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, and data for 11 exposures, for example, body mass index (BMI), from long‐term national surveys. We aggregated these data for 30 to 49‐year‐olds during 1992 to 2016 by population subgroups defined by calendar period, age, race and sex, and used negative binomial regression models to identify and estimate associations of EOCRC with multiple exposures. Furthermore, we used counterfactual modeling to quantify contributions of identified risk factors to EOCRC incidence. The top models (with lowest Bayesian Information Criteria) consistently identified excess body weight, represented by overweight and obesity (BMI ≥25) or obesity alone (BMI ≥30), as the strongest risk factor. The best‐performing model estimated increased EOCRC incidence due to overweight and obesity, with an incidence rate ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.20 (1.17‐1.22) for white men, 1.04 (1.00‐1.08) for black men, 1.17 (1.15‐1.21) for white women and 1.03 (0.97‐1.08) for black women. Increases in overweight and obesity prevalence contributed to an estimated 30% (standard error: 1%) for men and 28% (standard error: 2%) for women of ECORC incidence during 1992 to 2016. These findings suggest excess body weight substantially contributed to and is likely a primary driver of the rising incidence of EOCRC in the United States. Prevention of excess weight gain may help lower colorectal cancer risk early in life.

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“…Statistics regarding gastrointestinal cancer, and particularly colorectal cancer, indicate an increase in cancer incidence among people aged below 50 over the past four decades. 1 In the United States, the number of early-onset cancer cases is approximately 10.5% of the total new cases. 2 Many factors could contribute to this unprecedented rise, such as dietary habits, molecular and genetic profiles, and sedentary lifestyle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%