Age‐Specific Prevalence of Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection in HIV‐Negative Sexually Active Men Who Have Sex with Men: The EXPLORE Study

Chin‐Hong, Peter; Vittinghoff, Eric; Cranston, Ross D.; Buchbinder, Susan; Cohen, Daniel E.; Colfax, Grant; Costa, Maria Da; Darragh, Teresa M.; Hess, Eileen; Judson, Franklyn N.; Koblin, Beryl A.; Madison, Maria; Palefsky, Joel M.

doi:10.1086/425906

Cited by 237 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The greater cancer prevalence among gay men may be caused by a higher rate of anal cancer, as suggested by earlier studies that point to an excess risk of anal cancer among gay men, [16][17][18] including an ecological study that linked high incidence rates of anal cancer to the high proportion of gay men living in San Francisco. 19 We did not have data available on the rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which is higher among gay men, and may have contributed to the significant association of cancer prevalence and sexual orientation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Our data are restricted to participants who were asked about their sexual orientation; these were respondents aged 18 Demographic characteristics were ascertained from all individuals, including sex, race, current age, educational attainment, income (defined as total annual household income), health insurance status, and nativity, distinguishing US-born from foreign-born respondents. General health distinguished self-reports of health as excellent, very good, or good from self-reports of health as fair or poor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cancer survivorship and sexual orientation

Boehmer

Miao

Ozonoff

2011

Cancer

207

125

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BACKGROUND: Lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations are not part of cancer surveillance, resulting in scarce information about the cancer survivorship of these populations. To address this information gap, the authors examined the prevalence of cancer survivorship by sexual orientation and cancer survivors' self-reported health by sexual orientation. METHODS: The authors explored these issues by analyzing pooled data from the California Health Interview survey from 2001, 2003, and 2005. By using descriptive statistics and logistic regressions, they examined the cancer prevalence in men and women by sexual orientation and subsequently compared the self-reported health of male and female cancer survivors by sexual orientation. RESULTS: Among women, the authors found no significant differences in cancer prevalence by sexual orientation, but lesbian and bisexual female cancer survivors had 2.0 and 2.3Â the odds of reporting fair or poor health compared with heterosexual female cancer survivors. Among men, we found significant differences in cancer prevalence, with gay men having 1.9Â the odds of reporting a cancer diagnosis compared with heterosexual men. There were no differences by sexual orientation in male cancer survivors' self-reported health. CONCLUSIONS: Our novel findings suggest sex differences in the impact of cancer on lesbian, gay, and bisexual cancer survivors. Lesbian and bisexual cancer survivors need to be targeted by programs and services to assist these cancer survivors in improving their health perceptions, whereas healthcare providers and public health agencies need to be made aware of the higher prevalence of cancer in gay men to prevent future cancers through increased screening and primary prevention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer survivorship and sexual orientation

Boehmer

Miao

Ozonoff

2011

Cancer

207

125

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“…Among HIV-negative MSM, HPV prevalence is around 50% to 60% and remains at a plateau high throughout adulthood, well into the sixth decade of life. 17 Presumably, the rate in HIV-positive men during the life span is even higher.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Pathogenesis Of Anal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Anal cancer and cervical cancer screening: Key differences

Darragh

Winkler

2010

Cancer Cytopathology

191

199

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Cervical cancer and anal cancer share many similarities including causation by oncogenic human papillomaviruses; however, significant differences exist in their epidemiology, risk factors, biologic behavior, management, and treatment. Although rare, the incidence of anal cancer is alarmingly high and continues to increase in high-risk populations, particularly men who have sex with men regardless of their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status. There are no national screening guidelines for anal cancer. Using the success of cervical cancer screening as a model, anal cancer screening approaches apply anal cytology, highresolution anoscopy, and directed biopsy to guide treatment and management strategies. Although much has been learned about the natural history and epidemiology of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), the rate of progression of high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HGAIN) to invasive squamous cell carcinomas is not known. The impact of screening and treatment of HGAIN on morbidity and mortality from anal cancer are also unknown. Because the incidence of HGAIN and anal squamous cell carcinoma continue to increase, it is imperative to find pathways for effective screening, early detection, and therapeutic intervention. This article provides an overview of anal cancer screening while highlighting its differences from cervi- Compared with cervical cancer, anal cancer is rare. The National Cancer Institute estimates that 5260 patients will be diagnosed with anal cancer in 2010 and that 720 men and women will die of the disease. 1 Compare this to cervical cancer statistics in the United States for 2010: 12,200 will be diagnosed with cervical cancer and 4210 women will die and this is with successful opportunistic Papanicolaou (Pap) testing to screen for this cancer in the United States. Yet, in patients with the highest risk of anal cancer, its incidence was more than double that of cervical cancer prior to the initiation of Pap screening and is increasing, while rates for cervical cancer continue to decrease. As the incidence of anal carcinoma increases in populations at risk, cytologic screening, combined with early detection and treatment, has been proposed as a method to reduce the morbidity and mortality from invasive anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC).

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“…Moreover, reductions in smoking among MSM would mitigate risks for health problems that affect them disproportionately; for example, smoking appears to be a potent yet modifiable cofactor in the development of anal cancer. [14][15][16][17][18] Targeting smoking prevention and cessation initiatives among MSM is difficult since only a handful of studies have investigated correlates of smoking among sexual minorities. 3,4,6,11,13 We undertook the present study to determine the prevalence and correlates of smoking in a community-recruited cohort of urban-dwelling Canadian MSM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Smoking Among Urban-Dwelling Canadian Men Who Have Sex with Men

et al. 2006

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A small but consistent literature from the United States suggests increased risk for smoking among lesbians and men who have sex with men (MSM). Few studies have investigated smoking among MSM in other countries where different social norms and restrictions on smoking in public apply. We measured smoking behaviours in a convenience sample of urban-dwelling young Canadian MSM (median age 28 years). We compared the prevalence of smoking among MSM with that among other men in British Columbia (BC) using National Population Health Survey data to compute an age-adjusted standardized prevalence ratio (SPR). Independent predictors of smoking among MSM were identified using adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Smoking during the previous year was reported by twice as many MSM (54.5% of 354) as other men in BC (25.9%) (SPR=1.94, 95% CI 1.48-2.59), with largest differentials observed among men under 25 years of age. In multivariable analyses, smoking among MSM was significantly associated with younger age (OR 0.94, CI 0.88-1.00 per year), greater number of depressive symptoms (OR 1.12, CI 1.06-1.19 per symptom) and Canadian Aboriginal ethnicity (OR 2.64, CI 1.05-6.60). In summary, MSM in our study were twice as likely to smoke as other men in BC; the greatest differences were observed among the youngest men. The design of effective prevention and cessation programs for MSM will require identification of the age-dependent determinants of smoking initiation, persistence, and attempts to quit.

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Age‐Specific Prevalence of Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection in HIV‐Negative Sexually Active Men Who Have Sex with Men: The EXPLORE Study

Cited by 237 publications

References 20 publications

Cancer survivorship and sexual orientation

Cancer survivorship and sexual orientation

Anal cancer and cervical cancer screening: Key differences

High Prevalence of Smoking Among Urban-Dwelling Canadian Men Who Have Sex with Men

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