Age-specific incidence and clearance of high-risk human papillomavirus infections in women in the former Soviet Union

Abstract

Recently, conflicting results on human papillomavirus (HPV) clearance have been reported and the data on the accumulation of incident HPV infections are still fragmentary. Thus, we completed an analysis of the age-specific incidence and clearance rates of high-risk (HR) HPV infections in 448 women participating in a multi-centre screening study in three New Independent States countries. At baseline, 239 of the 448 women were negative for HR HPV DNA, whereas 209 were HR HPV-positive and cleared HR HPV during the prospective follow-up. The cumulative incidence and clearance of HR HPV were modelled using life-table techniques. The monthly incidence rates of HR HPV were significantly age dependent (p = 0.0001), whereas monthly clearance rates remained constant across the nine age groups (p = 0.920). The incidence rates (3.04% and 2.65%) exceeded the clearance rates in the two youngest age groups only, 15-20- and 21-25-year-old women, and remained lower (0-0.84%) in all other age groups. The cumulative rate of incident HR HPV infections (1.0%) was significantly lower than the overall clearance rate (1.9%) (p = 0.001). In life-table analysis, incident HR HPV infections between the nine age groups were significantly different (p = 0.0001), while cumulative HR HPV clearance was identical in all groups (p = 0.822). The accumulation of incident HR HPV infections is significantly age-related, whereas virus clearance remains constant between 15 and 60 years of age. These distinct age-specific incidence and clearance rates explain the differences in age-specific prevalence of HR HPV infections in the study population.

Oral HPV Infection: Current Strategies for Prevention and Therapy

“…genital condylomas or warts) when infection is sustained by LR HPV [45]; conversely the HR HPV infection, especially when it persists for over 18-24 months [46] and it is accompanied by the viral DNA integration into the eucariotic DNA in basal cells, may be associated with the development of potentially malignant and malignant epithelial lesions of the cervical mucosa. The latter form of infection has been recognized as the necessary but not sufficient cause of cervical SCC [46,47]. This biological and aetio-pathogenetical model related to cervical HPV infection has been shifted to oral infection, although with some important differences derived from very recent researches, discussed below.…”

“…It is estimated that a wide range of healthy and sexually active female population is a carrier of subclinical genital infection, contributing to the spread of the virus. The prevalence of infection among worldwide population of healthy women was estimated to be between 2% and 44% in relation to the sensitivity of the diagnostic test applied [44,47,[50][51][52]. The highest prevalence (about 40%) of HPV infection was found among women under the age of 25 years, progressively reduced in successive age groups [53].…”

“…The management of this condition is based on the follow up of the patient over at least 8-12 months, repetition of HPV DNA test after this interval and periodically until elimination of the infection occurs. As assumed for gynaecology field, a persistent viral status (sustained by HR-HPV types) maintained for at least 2 years represents a necessary although not sufficient basis for HPV-related lesions [46,47,85,168]. Differently by gynaecologists, employing a standard sampling method for HPV testing in uterine cervix, in oral medicine a uniform method of specimens collection for HPV detection still does not exist.…”

Practice of HPV Vaccine and Associated Factors among School Girls in Melaka, Malaysia

“…Therefore, it is advisable to vaccinate people at risk prior to their first sexual intercourse (Seo et al, 2008). Regarding adolescent; HPV is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in sexually active girls and young women (Richardson et al, 2003;Syrjänen et al, 2005;Kitchener et al, 2006;Dunne et al, 2007). Approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases are HPV types 18 and 16 (Bosch and Sanjose, 2003).…”

Incidence and Duration of Cervical Human Papillomavirus 6, 11, 16, and 18 Infections in Young Women: An Evaluation from Multiple Analytic Perspectives

“…Several previous studies have examined the duration or clearance over time of cervical HPV infections from other perspectives, with analysis of prevalent rather than incident HPV infections (or mixture of prevalent and incident infections; refs. [24][25][26][27][28], aggregation of data across multiple HPV types (29)(30)(31), and/or type-specific data for HPV-16 only (32). Some analyses have featured follow-up of <2 years, which has generally been adequate for assessing clearance and mean duration of prevalent HPV infections (24,27,31), but resulted in a greater degree of right censoring and potential underestimation in studies of incident infections (33).…”