Age-specific antibody prevalence to hepatitis A in England: implications for disease control

Morgan‐Capner, P.; Wright, Jean Ann; Farrington, Paddy; Miller, Elizbeth

doi:10.1017/s0950268800051529

Cited by 57 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…0 % [11,12]. Higher precision was required for the 0-4 and 15-19 year age groups which may represent peaks in viral transmission [11][12][13]. A design effect was incorporated into calculations to take account of the ratio of the variance of prevalence estimates assuming simple random sampling and incorporating the clustered design.…”

Section: Sample Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

A novel method of oral fluid collection to monitor immunity to common viral infections

Morris-Cunnington

Edmunds²,

Miller³

et al. 2004

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYSerological surveys among representative population samples have proved rare given their reliance on invasive sample collection. We therefore completed the first population-based postal survey of immunity in England and Wales using new oral fluid technology. This paper examines the feasibility of this new methodological approach. Nearly 5500 oral fluid samples were collected, with individual demographic and social data via a questionnaire, from persons under 45 years of age recruited through general practices. Instructions were accurately followed with only 1 % of samples returned without risk-factor data. The overall response rate was 40%. Response was independently associated with age, sex and location. Response was highest in children aged 5-14 years, adult females and in rural locations. This approach allowed the successful collection of comprehensive individual risk data, but response rates in adults must be improved if oral fluid surveys are to routinely complement serological surveillance.

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Section: Sample Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

A novel method of oral fluid collection to monitor immunity to common viral infections

Morris-Cunnington

Edmunds²,

Miller³

et al. 2004

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…An early report comparing seroepidemiological data from seven European countries indicated higher HAV seroprevalence in the south of Europe compared to the north [3]. Since then, improvements in socioeconomic and hygienic conditions [4] as well as preventive interventions, have led to increasing susceptibility to HAV in children and young adults throughout many parts of Europe, as reported by sporadic seroepidemiological studies by individual European countries [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Southern Europe is still estimated to have a high overall HAV seroprevalence, although seroprevalence in young adults is declining [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative hepatitis A seroepidemiology in 10 European countries

Kurkela

Pebody²,

Kafatos³

et al. 2012

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYThe WHO recommends hepatitis A virus (HAV) immunization according to level of transmission and disease burden. We aimed to identify susceptible age groups by standardized serosurveys to inform HAV vaccination policy in participating countries : Belgium, Czech Republic, England, Finland, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Malta, Romania, and Slovakia. Each country tested national serum banks (n=1854-6748), collected during 1996-2004, for anti-HAV antibodies. Local laboratory results were standardized to common units. Forty-one per cent of those aged <30 years and 6% of those aged o30 years were susceptible to HAV in Romania ; compared to 70-94 % and 26-71 %, respectively, elsewhere. Romania reported high HAV incidence in children and young adults. Other countries reported HAV disease primarily in older risk groups. The results suggest low level of HAV transmission in most of Europe. Romania, however, appeared as an area with intermediate transmission. Vaccination of risk groups in countries with high susceptibility of young and middle-aged adults needs to be continued.

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“…[1][2][3] This older susceptible cohort is more likely to experience morbidity when infected than they would had they been infected as young children, paradoxically leading to a greater burden of disease and a significant public health problem. [1][2][3][4] Thus, it is important to detect such shifts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-specific prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis A in Santiago, Chile: risk factors and shift in age of infection among children and young adults.

Fix¹,

Martin²,

Gallicchio³

et al. 2002

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Transition from high to lower endemicity of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection may portend increased public health burden with the shift of infection to older ages and increasing morbidity and mortality. This report describes age-specific prevalence of antibodies to HAV (anti-HAV) among children and young adults in Santiago, Chile, compared with previous prevalence data and assesses factors predictive for anti-HAV. In 1998, a serosurvey was performed in Metropolitan Santiago, designed to enroll a representative, age-stratified population on the basis of area of residence. A total of 784 individuals (age range, 1-24 years) were enrolled. Anti-HAV prevalence by year of life was as follows: ages 1 to 4, 12.5%; 5 to 9, 26.2%; 10 to 14, 43.4%; 15 to 19, 57.4%; 20 to 24, 73.9%. Adjusting for age, factors associated (inversely) with anti-HAV included residential areas of higher socioeconomic status (SES), parental education, and household characteristics of potable water, municipal sewage system, and the presence of a toilet or refrigerator in the house. In logistic regression analysis, only maternal years of education and residence in areas of higher SES remained independently associated with anti-HAV. Excluding those from higher SES areas, comparison of the agespecific anti-HAV prevalence data from previous studies of similar methodology in areas of lower SES revealed consistent decreases across all age groups; the age-standardized prevalence for this age range (1-24 years) dropped from 53.7% in 1990 to 40.6% in 1998. In light of the growing pool of susceptible individuals at older ages, with HAV continuing to circulate in the communities, evaluation of the feasibility of vaccination programs would be judicious.

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Age-specific antibody prevalence to hepatitis A in England: implications for disease control

Cited by 57 publications

References 14 publications

A novel method of oral fluid collection to monitor immunity to common viral infections

A novel method of oral fluid collection to monitor immunity to common viral infections

Comparative hepatitis A seroepidemiology in 10 European countries

Age-specific prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis A in Santiago, Chile: risk factors and shift in age of infection among children and young adults.

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