Age, sex, and the vascular contributors to cerebral pulsatility and pulsatile damping

Lefferts, Wesley K.; DeBlois, Jacob P.; Augustine, Jacqueline A.; Keller, Allison; Heffernan, Kevin S.

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00500.2020

Cited by 39 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…Carotid flow waveforms were assessed over a 10–12 s epoch via range‐gated colour Doppler signals averaged along the Doppler beam and distension waveforms via eTracking (described previously for carotid stiffness). Wave intensity analysis has been shown to be reproducible (Niki et al., 2002) and described by our group in detail, previously (Lefferts et al ., 2020). In brief, wave intensity (WI) was calculated using time derivatives of blood pressure ( P ) and velocity ( U ), where wave intensity = (d P /d t × d U /d t ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reductions in carotid wave reflection would be expected to reduce pulsatile damping (Kondiboyina et al, 2020;Lefferts et al, 2020). (Yonai et al, 2010) and cognitive activity (Heffernan et al, 2015).…”

Section: Ta B L Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CCA blood velocity pulsatility was measured during a 15 s epoch pulsatility, PD = CCA PI/MCA PI (Lefferts et al, 2020;Zarrinkoob et al, 2016). Cerebrovascular conductance was calculated by dividing MCA mean velocity by mean arterial pressure.…”

Section: Cerebrovascular Pulsatilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pulsatile damping appears to decrease linearly throughout the lifespan (Lefferts et al, 2020), whereas large artery stiffness and cerebral pulsatility increase precipitously during middle age (Lefferts et al, 2020;Mitchell et al, 2010;Tarumi et al, 2014) Prior data indicate that large extracranial artery stiffness increases acutely during different sympathoexcitatory stimuli, including lowerbody negative pressure (LBNP) (Holwerda et al, 2019) and cold pressor (CP) (Bock et al, 2019). Slight differences in the sympathetic response elicited by these interventions (e.g., origin of activation, blood pressure response) might impact the cerebrovasculature differently, resulting in a unique cerebrovascular haemodynamic signature for each intervention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Pulsatile damping appears to decrease linearly throughout the lifespan (Lefferts et al., 2020), whereas large artery stiffness and cerebral pulsatility increase precipitously during middle age (Lefferts et al., 2020; Mitchell et al., 2010; Tarumi et al., 2014). Middle age might therefore represent a critical window when the cerebrovasculature relies more on pulsatile damping to compensate for substantial age‐related changes in large artery stiffening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of acute changes in blood pressure and arterial stiffness on cerebral pulsatile haemodynamics in young and middle‐aged adults

Lefferts

Hibner

et al. 2021

Experimental Physiology

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Acute manipulation of arterial stiffness through interventions that increase sympathetic activity might provoke cerebral pulsatility and damping and reveal whether cerebrovascular haemodynamics respond differently to transient elevations in arterial stiffness in middle-aged compared with young adults. We compared cerebral pulsatility and damping in middle-aged versus young adults during two different sympathetic interventions [cold pressor test (CP) and lower-body negative pressure (LBNP)] that increase arterial stiffness acutely. Cerebrovascular haemodynamics were assessed in 15 middle-aged (54 ± 7 years old; 11 female) and 15 sex-matched young adults (25 ± 4 years old) at rest and during the CP test (4 min, 6.4 ± 0.8 • C) and LBNP (6 min, −20 mmHg). Mean blood pressure was measured continuously via finger photoplethysmography. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and carotid stiffness were measured via tonometry and ultrasound. Blood velocity pulsatility index (PI) was measured at the middle cerebral (MCA) and common carotid artery (CCA) using Doppler, with pulsatile damping calculated as CCA PI divided by MCA PI. Increases in cfPWV were driven by changes in mean pressure during CP but not during LBNP in both groups (P < 0.05). Pulsatile damping decreased in both groups (P < 0.05) despite reductions in MCA PI and greater carotid dilatation during CP in young compared with middle-aged adults (P < 0.05). Pressure-independent increases in cfPWV during LBNP did not alter pulsatile damping but decreased MCA PI in both young and middle-aged adults (P < 0.05). These data suggest that changes in carotid diameter and cerebrovascular pulsatility differ between young and middle-aged adults despite similar changes in cerebral pulsatile damping during blood pressure-dependent, but not blood pressure-independent, increases in large artery stiffness.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ta B L Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cerebrovascular Pulsatilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Impact of acute changes in blood pressure and arterial stiffness on cerebral pulsatile haemodynamics in young and middle‐aged adults

Lefferts

Hibner

et al. 2021

Experimental Physiology

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Editorial for “Non‐Invasive Assessment of Damping of Blood Flow Velocity Pulsatility in Cerebral Arteries with 7 T MRI”

Sun

Wang

2021

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Non‐Invasive Assessment of Damping of Blood Flow Velocity Pulsatility in Cerebral Arteries With MRI

Arts

Onkenhout

Amier

et al. 2021

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Background: Damping of heartbeat-induced pressure pulsations occurs in large arteries such as the aorta and extends to the small arteries and microcirculation. Since recently, 7 T MRI enables investigation of damping in the small cerebral arteries. Purpose: To investigate flow pulsatility damping between the first segment of the middle cerebral artery (M1) and the small perforating arteries using magnetic resonance imaging. Study Type: Retrospective. Subjects: Thirty-eight participants (45% female) aged above 50 without history of heart failure, carotid occlusive disease, or cognitive impairment. Field Strength/Sequence: 3 T gradient echo (GE) T1-weighted images, spin-echo fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images, GE two-dimensional (2D) phase-contrast, and GE cine steady-state free precession images were acquired. At 7 T, T1-weighted images, GE quantitative-flow, and GE 2D phase-contrast images were acquired. Assessment: Velocity pulsatilities of the M1 and perforating arteries in the basal ganglia (BG) and semi-oval center (CSO) were measured. We used the damping index between the M1 and perforating arteries as a damping indicator (velocity pulsatility M1 /velocity pulsatility CSO/BG ). Left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) were correlated with velocity pulsatility in the M1 and in perforating arteries, and with the damping index of the CSO and BG. Statistical Tests: Correlations of LVSV, MAP, PP, and PWV with velocity pulsatility in the M1 and small perforating arteries, and correlations with the damping indices were evaluated with linear regression analyses. Results: PP and PWV were significantly positively correlated to M1 velocity pulsatility. PWV was significantly negatively correlated to CSO velocity pulsatility, and PP was unrelated to CSO velocity pulsatility (P = 0.28). PP and PWV were uncorrelated to BG velocity pulsatility (P = 0.25; P = 0.68). PWV and PP were significantly positively correlated with the CSO damping index. Data Conclusion: Our study demonstrated a dynamic damping of velocity pulsatility between the M1 and small cerebral perforating arteries in relation to proximal stress. Level of Evidence: 4 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1

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Age, sex, and the vascular contributors to cerebral pulsatility and pulsatile damping

Cited by 39 publications

References 55 publications

Impact of acute changes in blood pressure and arterial stiffness on cerebral pulsatile haemodynamics in young and middle‐aged adults

Impact of acute changes in blood pressure and arterial stiffness on cerebral pulsatile haemodynamics in young and middle‐aged adults

Editorial for “Non‐Invasive Assessment of Damping of Blood Flow Velocity Pulsatility in Cerebral Arteries with 7 T MRI”

Non‐Invasive Assessment of Damping of Blood Flow Velocity Pulsatility in Cerebral Arteries With MRI

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