Age, Sex and socioeconomic factors in concept identification

Pishkin, Vladimir; Willis, Diane J.

doi:10.1002/1520-6807(197401)11:1<85::aid-pits2310110119>3.0.co;2-t

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…We found 10 studies that examined gender differences on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test with control (i.e., nonpsychiatric and disease free) participants. One of these studies reported significantly greater performance for female participants (Boone, Ghaffarian, Lesser, Hill-Gutierrez, & Berman, 1993, N = 91, 44–83 years), one significantly greater performance for a group of middle-class boys than middle-class girls (Pishkin & Willis, 1974, N = 120, 5–8 years; no gender differences were found for a group of lower class children), and eight found no gender differences (Chelune et al, 1986, N = 48, 6–12 years; Gorenstein, Mammato, & Sandy, 1989, N = 47, 8–12 years; Hannon, Day, Butler, Larson, & Casey, 1983, N = 92, college age; McBarnett et al, 1993, N = 79, 5–12 years; Raine, Sheard, Reynolds, & Lencz, 1992, adult; Rosselli & Ardila, 1993, N = 233, 5–12 years; Wilson, Kolb, Odland, & Wishaw, 1987, N = 109, adult; Yeudall, Fromm, Reddon, & Stefanyk, 1986, N = 225, 15–40 years). Similar to the older discrimination learning literature (cf.…”

Section: Gender Differences In Inhibition Abilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental investment theory and gender differences in the evolution of inhibition mechanisms.

Bjorklund

Kipp²

1996

Psychological Bulletin

274

166

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Based on the tenets of parental investment theory, the authors postulate that there was greater pressure to inhibit potentially maladaptive emotional, social, and sexual responses on prehistoric women than men in some contexts, resulting in enhanced inhibitory abilities in women in some domains. They reviewed studies whose researchers examined gender differences on social, behavioral, and cognitive tasks involving inhibition and found gender differences favoring female humans most consistent for social tasks (e.g., control of emotions), somewhat less pronounced for behavioral tasks (e.g., delay of gratification), and weak and inconsistent for cognitive tasks (e.g., conceptual tempo). This pattern was interrupted as being consistent with the position that gender differences in inhibition are relatively domain specific in nature, with women demonstrating greater abilities on tasks related to reproduction and childrearing, which is consistent with parental investment theory.

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