Age, sex, and grip strength determine architectural bone parameters assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at the human radius

Hasegawa, Yusuke; Schneider, Peter; Reiners, Christoph

doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(00)00211-6

Cited by 70 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Previous work has suggested that among the ablebodied men and women, muscle strength or grip strength was a stronger determinant of distal radius bone mechanical characteristics when compared with muscle CSA. 24 Consistent with previous work, our data suggest that preservation of muscle strength, and not just size, may be important for maintaining trabecular bone strength, potentially attenuating fracture risk.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

An evaluation of the muscle-bone unit theory among individuals with chronic spinal cord injury

2011

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Study design: Cross-sectional observation. Objectives: To explore the association between muscle size and function, and indices of bone strength among a sample of adults with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: Ontario, Canada. Methods: Sixty-five participants (n¼47 men) with chronic SCI (C1-T12 American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) A-D) were recruited, mean ± s.d. age 49.4 ± 12.8 years and years post-injury 14.3 ± 10.7. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and indices of bone strength at the distal tibia and tibia shaft were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Muscle CSA was multiplied by tibia length to obtain muscle-bending moment (MBM), a surrogate of torque. Plantar flexor components of the lower-extremity motor scores (pf-LEMS) were used as clinical measures of muscle function. Pearson's correlations (r) were used to determine the strength of relationships. Results: Correlations were found between MBM and indices of bone strength at the distal tibia and tibia shaft (r¼0.44-0.56), as well as between pf-LEMS and indices of bone strength at the distal tibia and tibia shaft (r¼0.37-0.71). pf-LEMS had a stronger association with bone variables at the distal tibia compared with MBM (r¼0.6 vs r¼0.4). All relationships between muscle and bone remained significant when controlling for the duration of injury.Conclusion: It appears that lower limb muscle size and function are more strongly correlated with bone strength indices at the distal tibia than at the tibia shaft among individuals with SCI. The relationships between muscle and bone are clinically important, as muscle CSA and strength (motor scores) are potentially amenable to rehabilitation intervention(s).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

An evaluation of the muscle-bone unit theory among individuals with chronic spinal cord injury

2011

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“…FE analysis of skeletal sites in astronauts indicated a 5% loss in proximal femoral strength per month [4], at least twice the rate previously suggested by methods based on bone density and mass [2,27,28]. A similar discrepancy between the loss of trabecular bone quantity and its mechanical properties has been observed in rodent unloading models [14,29].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Trabecular bone recovers from mechanical unloading primarily by restoring its mechanical function rather than its morphology

Özçivici¹,

Judex²

2014

Bone

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Upon returning to normal ambulatory activities, the recovery of trabecular bone lost during unloading is limited. Here, using a mouse population that displayed a large range of skeletal susceptibility to unloading and reambulation, we tested the impact of changes in trabecular bone morphology during unloading and reambulation on its simulated mechanical properties. Female adult mice from a double cross of BALB/cByJ and C3H/HeJ strains (n = 352) underwent 3 wk of hindlimb unloading followed by 3 wk of reambulation. Normally ambulating mice served as controls (n = 30). As quantified longitudinally by in vivo μCT, unloading led to an average loss of 43% of trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) in the distal femur. Finite element models of the μCT tomographies showed that deterioration of the trabecular structure raised trabecular peak Von-Mises (PVM) stresses on average by 27%, indicating a significant increase in the risk of mechanical failure compared to baseline. Further, skewness of the Von-Mises stress distributions (SVM) increased by 104% with unloading, indicating that the trabecular structure became inefficient in resisting the applied load. During reambulation, bone of experimental mice recovered on average only 10% of its lost BV/TV. Even though the addition of trabecular tissue was small during reambulation, PVM and SVM as indicators of risk of mechanical failure decreased by 56% and 57%, respectively. Large individual differences in the response of trabecular bone, together with a large sample size, facilitated stratification of experimental mice based on the level of recovery. As a fraction of all mice, 66% of the population showed some degree of recovery in BV/TV while in 89% and 87% of all mice, PVM and SVM decreased during reambulation, respectively. At the end of the reambulation phase, only 8% of the population recovered half of the unloading induced losses in BV/TV while 50% and 49% of the population recovered half of the unloading induced deterioration in PVM and SVM, respectively. The association between morphological and mechanical variables was strong at baseline but progressively decreased during the unloading and reambulation cycles. The preferential recovery of trabecular micromechanical properties over bone volume fraction emphasizes that mechanical demand during reambulation does not, at least initially, seek to restore bone's morphology but its mechanical integrity. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. IntroductionLoss of weight-bearing in skeletal extremities reduces tissue mass as mechanical loads provide critical anabolic and anti-catabolic signals [1][2][3]. The accompanying deterioration of bone's estimated [4] and actual [5] mechanical properties, combined with decreases in muscle strength [6,7] and postural stability [8] increase the risk of traumatic and non-traumatic fractures, particularly upon returning to regular weight bearing activities [9][10][11]. Daily bouts of exercise [12] or highfrequency motions [13][14][15] can partially alleviate the reduction in bone quant...

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“…The muscle-bone unit has been suggested based on the mechanostatic theory, since muscle contractions promote tension in the bone, with consequent bone modeling activation. Therefore, the increase of muscle mass is also accompanied by increase of bone strength and improvement of bone geometrical characteristics (Hasegawa et al, 2001;Frost, 2003;Fricke & Schoenau, 2007). Also, the positive effect of some physical exercise on the increase of both muscle strength and bone mineral density (BMD) corroborates the relationship between bone and muscular systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

Impaired Ability to Perform the Sit-to-Stand Task in Osteoporotic Women

Trevisan¹,

Paula²,

Reis³

et al. 2012

Osteoporosis

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Age, sex, and grip strength determine architectural bone parameters assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at the human radius

Cited by 70 publications

References 32 publications

An evaluation of the muscle-bone unit theory among individuals with chronic spinal cord injury

An evaluation of the muscle-bone unit theory among individuals with chronic spinal cord injury

Trabecular bone recovers from mechanical unloading primarily by restoring its mechanical function rather than its morphology

Impaired Ability to Perform the Sit-to-Stand Task in Osteoporotic Women

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