Age-related Volumetric Changes of Brain Gray and White Matter in Healthy Infants and Children

Matsuzawa, Junko; Matsui, Mié; Konishi, Tomokazu; Noguchi, Kyo; Gur, Ruben C.; Bilker, Warren B.; Miyawaki, Toshio

doi:10.1093/cercor/11.4.335

Cited by 267 publications

(227 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…The human brain undergoes profound global and regional changes throughout childhood (17)(18)(19). Overall brain volume achieves 80-90% of its lifetime maximum by 2 y of age (20), whereas in many regions gray matter volumes peak in infancy before undergoing variable rates of decline throughout adolescence (21)(22)(23). In contrast, myelination continues to progress from posterior to anterior throughout adolescence and well into young adulthood (24,25), and frontal myelination may continue beyond this age (19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Network-level structural covariance in the developing brain

Zielinski

Gennatas

Zhou

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

366

382

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Intrinsic or resting state functional connectivity MRI and structural covariance MRI have begun to reveal the adult human brain's multiple network architectures. How and when these networks emerge during development remains unclear, but understanding ontogeny could shed light on network function and dysfunction. In this study, we applied structural covariance MRI techniques to 300 children in four age categories (early childhood, 5-8 y; late childhood, 8.5-11 y; early adolescence, 12-14 y; late adolescence, 16-18 y) to characterize gray matter structural relationships between cortical nodes that make up large-scale functional networks. Network nodes identified from eight widely replicated functional intrinsic connectivity networks served as seed regions to map whole-brain structural covariance patterns in each age group. In general, structural covariance in the youngest age group was limited to seed and contralateral homologous regions. Networks derived using primary sensory and motor cortex seeds were already well-developed in early childhood but expanded in early adolescence before pruning to a more restricted topology resembling adult intrinsic connectivity network patterns. In contrast, language, social-emotional, and other cognitive networks were relatively undeveloped in younger age groups and showed increasingly distributed topology in older children. The so-called default-mode network provided a notable exception, following a developmental trajectory more similar to the primary sensorimotor systems. Relationships between functional maturation and structural covariance networks topology warrant future exploration.childhood | children | connectivity | development | neuroimaging

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Network-level structural covariance in the developing brain

Zielinski

Gennatas

Zhou

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

366

382

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“…Synaptogenesis occurs at the same rate in most cortical regions (Rakic, Bourgeois, Eckenhoff, Zecevic, & Goldman-Rakic, 1986), although the prefrontal cortex may lag behind the rest of the brain (Chugani, Phelps, & Mazziotta, 1987;Huttenlocher, 1979). White matter may also undergo protracted development within anterior brain regions (Klingberg et al, 1999;Sowell et al, 1999).Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown rapid growth spurts in the frontal lobes relative to the temporal lobes in the first 2 years after birth (Matsuzawa et al, 2001). After age 5, brain volumes remain relatively stable (Reiss, Abrams, Singer, Ross, & Denckla, 1996), but the ratio of gray to white matter lessens with increasing age (Pfefferbaum et al, 1994;Sowell & Jernigan, 1998) Gogtay et al, 2004;O'Donnell, Noseworthy, Levine, Brandt, & Dennis, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Social outcomes in childhood brain disorder: A heuristic integration of social neuroscience and developmental psychology.

Yeates

Bigler

Dennis

et al. 2007

Psychological Bulletin

383

400

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The authors propose a heuristic model of the social outcomes of childhood brain disorder that draws on models and methods from both the emerging field of social cognitive neuroscience and the study of social competence in developmental psychology/psychopathology. The heuristic model characterizes the relationships between social adjustment, peer interactions and relationships, social problem solving and communication, social-affective and cognitive-executive processes, and their neural substrates. The model is illustrated by research on a specific form of childhood brain disorder, traumatic brain injury. The heuristic model may promote research regarding the neural and cognitiveaffective substrates of children's social development. It also may engender more precise methods of measuring impairments and disabilities in children with brain disorder and suggest ways to promote their social adaptation. Surprisingly little is known about the extent, basis, and consequences of the social problems associated with neurological dys-function and brain insults occurring during childhood, despite the significant long-term implications of social development for children's functioning at home, in school, and in the community (Parker, Rubin, Erath, Wojslawowicz, & Buskirk, 2006;Rubin, Bukowski, & Parker, 2006). Until recently, the lack of measurement tools and articulated models of social functioning has limited our ability to address social outcomes in children with brain disorder. The development of more sensitive measures and explicit models of social functioning would help researchers and clinicians to target children with brain disorders for further study and intervention.Now is an excellent time to consider social outcomes in children with brain disorder. The emerging field of social cognitive neuroscience provides a critical perspective on the social impact of childhood brain disorder. Social neuroscience not only supplies tools needed to better understand the neural substrates and social-cognitive processes associated with social functioning, but also provides a foundation for a multilevel, integrative analysis of the social difficulties arising from neurological insults (Brothers, 1990;Cacioppo, Berntson, Sheridan, & McClintock, 2000;Moss & Damasio, 2001;Ochsner & Lieberman, 2001;Posner, Rothbart, & Gerardi-Caulton, 2001). Although social neuroscience to date has focused primarily on adults, in part because of the inability to study the developing brain in vivo, this no longer need be the case. With contemporary neuroimaging, various elegant methods are available that can inform researchers about brain development and neuropathology in the study of social behavior in children with brain disorder (Toga & Thompson, 2005).The methods and models derived from social neuroscience will be particularly powerful when combined with those associated with the study of social competence in developmental psychology and developmental psychopathology Rubin, Bukowski, & Parker, 2006). The latter approaches reflect a development...

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“…2 The peak period of myelination occurs during the first two years after birth, during which period the brain structure drastically changes its biochemical composition. 4 The brain's ability to learn, remember, forget, recover from injury and reorganise is called cerebral plasticity. 2 The developing brain has the greatest potential for recovery from any injury because of an overproduction of neurons in the foetus and the overproduction of synapses after birth.…”

Section: Brain Development In the Humanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaesthesia and the developing brain

Prozesky

2014

Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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Increasing concern about the effect of anaesthesia on the infant and young child is being raised by healthcare practitioners, as well as the public. Immature neurons exposed to anaesthesia may lead to apoptosis and long-term neurobehavioural deficits in animals. The majority of anaesthetic agents work by influencing the gamma-aminobutyric acid or N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and may induce animal neuroapoptosis. The search for neuroprotective strategies to reverse or counteract the effect of anaesthesia has not been very successful so far. Dexmedetomidine is an α 2 -adrenergic receptor and may have neuroprotective effects. Available human studies have failed to prove any long-term neurobehavioural deficiencies caused by anaesthetic exposure. Large international prospective studies are currently underway that may change the practice of paediatric and obstetric anaesthesiologists in the future.

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Age-related Volumetric Changes of Brain Gray and White Matter in Healthy Infants and Children

Cited by 267 publications

References 37 publications

Network-level structural covariance in the developing brain

Network-level structural covariance in the developing brain

Social outcomes in childhood brain disorder: A heuristic integration of social neuroscience and developmental psychology.

Anaesthesia and the developing brain

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