Age related susceptibility to Campylobacter jejuni infection in a high prevalance population.

Richardson, N. J.; Koornhof, H J; Bokkenheuser, V.; Mayet, Z; Rosen, Eric

doi:10.1136/adc.58.8.616

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This is the sort of pattern seen in developing countries (e.g. Billingham, 1981;Glass et al 1983;Richardson et al 1983). The incidence of salmonella infections was unusually high for such a setting and they were common in all age groups studied.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A one-year survey of campylobacter enteritis and other forms of bacterial diarrhoea in Hong Kong

Wong

1985

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYThe following enteropathogens were isolated from the faeces of 769 (10-2 %) of 7,545 patients of whom 5,704 had diarrhoea or abdominal pain, attending a teaching hospital in Hong Kong during one year: salmonellae 458 (6-1 %); Vibrio parahaemolyticus 125 (17 %); campylobacters 108 (1-4 %); shigellae 83 (1 %); others 19 (0-3 00). Further identification of the campylobacter isolates showed that 63 (58 0o) were Campylobacterjejuni biotype 1, 44 (41 %) were C. coli and only one was C. jejuni biotype 2. Seventy-five (69 %) of the 108 campylobacters were isolated from children under two years of age, mostly during the second year of life. Faecal specimens from 1,841 children under the age of two years without gastrointestinal symptoms yielded almost the same percentages of salmonellae, campylobacters and shigellae as children with diarrhoea.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A one-year survey of campylobacter enteritis and other forms of bacterial diarrhoea in Hong Kong

Wong

1985

J. Hyg.

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“…It is feasible that a similar response occurs in children in Sub Saharan Africa explaining the observed high rates of asymptomatic infection. Given the high sensitivity and specificity of the assay used in this study it is also possible that the detection rates seen in the control cohort could represent post excretion following a diarrhoeal episode as Campylobacter is known to be excreted for up to 12 weeks post infection [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campylobacter Infection in Children in Malawi Is Common and Is Frequently Associated with Enteric Virus Co-Infections

et al. 2013

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Background Campylobacter species are the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world. However, comparatively few studies have determined the epidemiological features of campylobacteriosis in resource-poor settings.MethodsA total of 1,941 faecal specimens collected from symptomatic (diarrhoeic) children and 507 specimens from asymptomatic (non-diarrhoeic) children hospitalised in Blantyre, Malawi, between 1997 and 2007, and previously tested for the presence of rotavirus and norovirus, was analysed for C. jejuni and C. coli using a real time PCR assay.Results Campylobacter species were detected in 415/1,941 (21%) of diarrhoeic children, with C. jejuni accounting for 85% of all cases. The median age of children with Campylobacter infection was 11 months (range 0.1–55 months), and was significantly higher than that for children with rotavirus and norovirus (6 months and 7 months respectively; P<0.001). Co-infection with either rotavirus or norovirus was noted in 41% of all cases in the diarrhoeic group. In contrast, the detection rate of Campylobacter in the non-diarrhoeic group was 14%, with viral co-infection identified in 16% of children with Campylobacter. There was no association between Campylobacter detection rate and season over the 10 year period.DiscussionUsing molecular detection methodology in hospitalised Malawian children, we have demonstrated a high prevalence of Campylobacter infection, with frequent viral co-infection. The burden of Campylobacter infection in young African children may be greater than previously recognised.

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“…In many developing countries where C. jejuni is endemic, symptomatic infections may occur in very young children, but beyond an early age, infections frequently are asymptomatic (15,21). Clinical, epidemiologic, and serologic studies suggest development of immunity following repeated expo-sure to these organisms (3, 9, 15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Med., in press). In developing countries, infection often results in mild illness or no symptoms at all (10,15,21). The reasons for this dichotomy of clinical findings has not been fully resolved, but differences in the acquisition of immunity have been reported and proposed as a possible explanation (3,9,25).…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Campylobacter jejuni infection in Macaca nemestrina

et al. 1989

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Experimental infection of four specific-pathogen-free Macaca nemestrina monkeys (aged 3.5 and 4.5 months) with Campylobacterjejuni 81-176 caused acute diarrheal illness, characterized by fluid diarrhea, bloody stools, and fecal leukocytes, which lasted for approximately 7 to 11 days. Histologic examination of intestinal biopsies showed acute colitis characterized by infiltration of the mucosa with neutrophils and lymphocytes, and cryptitis. There were no histologic changes in the small intestine. Excretion of C. jejuni was demonstrated for 2 to 4 weeks postchallenge. Plasma antibodies to C. jejuni group antigen were elevated after challenge. Only mild diarrhea occurred after rechallenge with the same strain or with a heterologous C. jejuni strain (79-168) followed by further elevation in specific immunoglobulins A, M, and G. Four 1-year-old juvenile M. nemestrina monkeys which had experienced multiple infections with Campylobacter spp. did not exhibit illness when challenged with C. jejuni 81-176. All had elevated immunoglobulin A, M, and G plasma antibodies prior to challenge, and these humoral antibody levels were indicative of the immunity to challenge. The results demonstrate that C. jejuni infection in M. nemestrina caused colitis with clinical and pathologic results similar to those found in humans and indicate that prior infection protects against subsequent challenge.

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Age related susceptibility to Campylobacter jejuni infection in a high prevalance population.

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

A one-year survey of campylobacter enteritis and other forms of bacterial diarrhoea in Hong Kong

A one-year survey of campylobacter enteritis and other forms of bacterial diarrhoea in Hong Kong

Campylobacter Infection in Children in Malawi Is Common and Is Frequently Associated with Enteric Virus Co-Infections

Experimental Campylobacter jejuni infection in Macaca nemestrina

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