Age-Related Risk Factors and Complications of Patients With COVID-19: A Population-Based Retrospective Study

Abstract

Objective: To study the differences in clinical characteristics, risk factors, and complications across age-groups among the inpatients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: In this population-based retrospective study, we included all the positive hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at Wuhan City from December 29, 2019 to April 15, 2020, during the first pandemic wave. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the risk factors for death from COVID-19. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was performed to study the associations between comorbidities and complications.Results: There are 36,358 patients in the final cohort, of whom 2,492 (6.85%) died. Greater age (odds ration [OR] = 1.061 [95% CI 1.057–1.065], p < 0.001), male gender (OR = 1.726 [95% CI 1.582–1.885], p < 0.001), alcohol consumption (OR = 1.558 [95% CI 1.355–1.786], p < 0.001), smoking (OR = 1.326 [95% CI 1.055–1.652], p = 0.014), hypertension (OR = 1.175 [95% CI 1.067–1.293], p = 0.001), diabetes (OR = 1.258 [95% CI 1.118–1.413], p < 0.001), cancer (OR = 1.86 [95% CI 1.507–2.279], p < 0.001), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR = 1.745 [95% CI 1.427–2.12], p < 0.001), and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) (OR = 1.96 [95% CI 1.323–2.846], p = 0.001) were independent risk factors for death from COVID-19. Patients aged 40–80 years make up the majority of the whole patients, and them had similar risk factors with the whole patients. For patients aged <40 years, only cancer (OR = 17.112 [95% CI 6.264–39.73], p < 0.001) and ICH (OR = 31.538 [95% CI 5.213–158.787], p < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher odds of death. For patients aged >80 years, only age (OR = 1.033 [95% CI 1.008–1.059], p = 0.01) and male gender (OR = 1.585 [95% CI 1.301–1.933], p < 0.001) were associated with higher odds of death. The incidence of most complications increases with age, but arrhythmias, gastrointestinal bleeding, and sepsis were more common in younger deceased patients with COVID-19, with only arrhythmia reaching statistical difference (p = 0.039). We found a relatively poor correlation between preexisting risk factors and complications.Conclusions: Coronavirus disease 2019 are disproportionally affected by age for its clinical manifestations, risk factors, complications, and outcomes. Prior complications have little effect on the incidence of extrapulmonary complications.

Mortality Predictors in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection

“…The use of dedicated software as a diagnostic tool allows for an objective lung evaluation, providing a useful tool to initially assess the death risk and adequately monitor the evolution and therapeutic response of the patient. Elderly patients generally have a greater prevalence of positive laboratory tests, such as leukocytosis, lymphopenia, decreased platelet count and anemia, lower albumin, increased D-dimers, and prolonged INR (changes similar to our findings for the patients in Group B), but increased age itself represents an independent risk factor for death of COVID-19 [8], in concordance with results found in our study. Wagner J and al.…”

Cellular and Humoral Responses Follow-up for 8 Months after Vaccination with mRNA-Based Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines

“…Age has already been described as a potential risk factor in COVID-19 severity [ 46 , 47 , 48 ]. Moreover, it has already been seen that vaccinated older adults present lower levels of antibodies in comparison with younger adults [ 21 ], and consequently, they present lower vaccine effectiveness and a higher risk of infection or re-infection [ 49 , 50 , 51 ].…”

Effects of SARS-CoV-2 infections in patients with cancer on mortality, ICU admission and incidence: a systematic review with meta-analysis involving 709,908 participants and 31,732 cancer patients

“…A total of 42 studies (Akhtar et al 2021 ; Alpert et al 2021 ; Arslan et al 2021 ; Azarkar et al 2021 ; Baker et al 2021 ; Benelli et al 2020 ; Bennett et al 2021 ; Bernard et al 2021 ; Bhargava et al 2021 ; Borobia et al 2020 ; Pinto et al 2020 ; Chai et al 2021 ; Fu et al 2021 ; Gude-Sampedro et al 2021 ; Guo et al 2021 ; Joharatnam-Hogan et al 2020 ; Katkat et al 2021 ; Kim et al 2021 ; Kokturk et al 2021 ; Liang et al 2021 ; Sun et al 2021 ; Lunski et al 2021 ; Martinot et al 2021 ; Mirgh et al 2021 ; Miyashita et al 2020 ; Péron et al 2021 ; Poli et al 2022 ; Li et al 2020a , b ; Reddy et al 2021 ; Ricoca Peixoto et al 2020 ; Giorgi-Rossi et al 2020; Rugge et al 2020 ; Erdal et al 2021 ; Pérez-Segura et al 2021 ; Serraino et al 2021 ; Shahidsales et al 2021 ; Sorouri et al 2020 ; Stroppa et al 2020 ; Vergara et al 2021 ; Vila-Corcoles et al 2021 ; Zhang et al 2021 ; Zhou et al 2021 ) were included in the analysis to compare the mortality rates of cancer and non-cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. There were a total of 557,053 participants, of whom 21,599 were cancer patients.…”

“…Data were analyzed from a total of 55 studies (Adejumo et al 2021 ; Akhtar et al 2021 ; Alpert et al 2021 ; Arslan et al 2021 ; Azarkar et al 2021 ; Baker et al 2021 ; Benelli et al 2020 ; Bennett et al 2021 ; Bergman et al 2021 ; Bernard et al 2021 ; Bhargava et al 2021 ; Borobia et al 2020 ; Pinto et al 2020 ; Chai et al 2021 ; Fu et al 2021 ; Chudasama et al 2021 ; Costa et al 2021 ; Duanmu et al 2020 ; Gold et al 2020 ; Görgülü and Duyan, 2020 ; Goyal et al 2020 ; Gude-Sampedro et al 2021 ; Guo et al 2021 ; Katkat et al 2021 ; Kim et al 2021 ; Kokturk et al 2021 ; Liang et al 2021 ; Sun et al 2021 ; Cavanna et al 2020 ; Lunski et al 2021 ; Martinot et al 2021 ; Mirgh et al 2021 ; Miyashita et al 2020 ; Nakamura et al 2021 ; Nikpouraghdam et al 2020 ; Panda et al 2022 ; Péron et al 2021 ; Poli et al 2022 ; Li et al 2020a , b ; Reddy et al 2021 ; Regina et al 2020 ; Giorgi Rossi et al, 2020 ; Rugge et al 2020 ; Erdal et al 2021 ; Sami et al 2020 ; Santorelli et al 2021 ; Pérez-Segura et al 2021 ; Serraino et al 2021 ; Shahidsales et al 2021 ; Sorouri et al 2020 ; Tehrani et al 2021 ; Vergara et al 2021 ; Vila-Corcoles et al 2021 ; Zhang et al 2021 ; Zhou et al 2021 ...…”