Age-related modifications of macrophages influenced by “inflammageing” in graft vs. host disease

Abstract

Most studies focus on the adaptive immune cells in the GVHD pathogenesis, while little is known about innate immune cells in GVHD occurrence and development, especially macrophages. Meanwhile, a higher incidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD) is also found in the elderly patients. Though advances have been made in the modification of macrophages influenced by the inflamm-ageing, there is still no review on the role of macrophages in GVHD and the association between GVHD and the altered macrophages by inflamm-ageing. In this review, we focus on the potential age-related modifications of macrophage in GVHD, which contributes to the change of morbidity and mortality of GVHD. Via literature review, we found that the infiltration of macrophages is associated with GVHD and macrophages are modified in inflamm-ageing state, including the proliferation, migration, phagocytosis, antigen presentation, interaction with other immune cells, and pro-fibrosis. We suppose that altered macrophage functions in inflamm-ageing state contribute to GVHD in elderly patients.

Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection and the upregulation of TLR3

“…NF-κB activation causes the upregulation of inflammatory interleukins and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (Tsubaki et al, 2015). The excessive release of inflammatory factors can cause secondary immune injury (Hong et al, 2020). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association of TLR3 with RSV induced acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).…”

Intrauterine high androgen promotes obesity of the offspring of rats with polycystic ovarian syndrome via activating macrophage-angiogenesis-related androgen signaling

“…In adipose tissue, inflammation inhibits adipocyte expansion and differentiation, alters adipocyte endocrine secretion, and induces extracellular matrix remodelling (Khan et al, 2009). Macrophages play an important role in chronic low-grade inflammation (Hong et al, 2020;Li et al, 2019;Lima et al, 2018). During the development of PCOS, it has been found that hyperandrogenic conditions may lead to the recruitment macrophages under the influence of chemokines (Lima et al, 2018).…”