Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Wong, Tien Yin

doi:10.1161/strokeaha.109.574475

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…According to our integrated analysis, TNC was increased as well. VEGF is a major pathogenic factor for wet AMD [18] which can promote angiogenesis, vascular permeability and induce macular eduma (ME) [19]. Animal studies have demonstrated that the up-regulation of VEGF is a cause of CNV in the RPE [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of pathogenic genes and upstream regulators in age-related macular degeneration

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2017

BMC Ophthalmol

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BackgroundAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in older individuals. Our study aims to identify the key genes and upstream regulators in AMD.MethodsTo screen pathogenic genes of AMD, an integrated analysis was performed by using the microarray datasets in AMD derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The functional annotation and potential pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were further discovered by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. We constructed the AMD-specific transcriptional regulatory network to find the crucial transcriptional factors (TFs) which target the DEGs in AMD. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to verify the DEGs and TFs obtained by integrated analysis.ResultsFrom two GEO datasets obtained, we identified 1280 DEGs (730 up-regulated and 550 down-regulated genes) between AMD and normal control (NC). After KEGG analysis, steroid biosynthesis is a significantly enriched pathway for DEGs. The expression of 8 genes (TNC, GRP, TRAF6, ADAMTS5, GPX3, FAP, DHCR7 and FDFT1) was detected. Except for TNC and GPX3, the other 6 genes in qRT-PCR played the same pattern with that in our integrated analysis.ConclusionsThe dysregulation of these eight genes may involve with the process of AMD. Two crucial transcription factors (c-rel and myogenin) were concluded to play a role in AMD. Especially, myogenin was associated with AMD by regulating TNC, GRP and FAP. Our finding can contribute to developing new potential biomarkers, revealing the underlying pathogenesis, and further raising new therapeutic targets for AMD.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12886-017-0498-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of pathogenic genes and upstream regulators in age-related macular degeneration

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2017

BMC Ophthalmol

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“…(19, 26, 27) Our results are at variance with the results from Wong et al in the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) study which demonstrated that the early form of AMD portended a higher risk of stroke over 10 years of follow-up (1.85, 95% CI, 1.19–2.87) (28) and that individuals with late AMD had three times higher risk of incident CHD events (HR= 3.05, 95% CI, 1.14–8.17) as compared to participants without late AMD. (19) Hu et al (21) in a Taiwanese population, showed that late AMD was associated with a 2-fold increased incidence of stroke.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Incident Cardiovascular Disease: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

et al. 2012

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Objective To determine whether age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a risk indicator for coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events independent of other known risk factors in a multi-ethnic cohort. Design Population-based prospective cohort study. Participants A diverse population sample of 6233 men and women aged 45–84 without known CVD from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Methods Participants in the MESA had retinal photographs taken between 2002 and 2003. Photographs were evaluated for AMD. Incident CHD/CVD events were ascertained during clinical follow-up visits for up to 8 years after the retinal images were taken. Main Outcome Measures Incident CHD/CVD events. Results Of the 6814 persons at risk of CHD, there were 893 participants with early AMD (13.1%) and 27 (0.5%) at baseline. Over a mean follow-up period of 5.4 years, there was no statistically significant difference in incident CHD or CVD between the AMD and non-AMD groups (5.0%vs. 3.9%, p=0.13 for CHD and 6.6 vs. 5.5%, p=0.19 for CVD, respectively). In Cox regression models adjusting for CVD risk factors, there was no significant relationship between presence of any AMD and any CHD/CVD events (HR=0.99, 95% CI 0.74–1.33, p=0.97). No significant association was found between subgroups of early AMD or late AMD and incident CHD/CVD events. Conclusions In persons without a history of cardiovascular disease, AMD was not associated with an increased risk of CHD or CVD.

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“…1,2 Apart from classic cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. smoking, hypertension), evidence is accumulating that novel pathogenic mechanisms (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…inflammation) may also be linked to both AMD and stroke. 1,2 Nevertheless, there are few studies that have directly examined whether persons with AMD are at an increased risk of stroke.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Long-Term Risk of Stroke Subtypes

Ikram

Mitchell

Klein

et al. 2012

Stroke

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Background and Purpose We examined the relationship of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with incident stroke, including stroke subtypes of cerebral infarction and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Methods We included 12,216 participants with retinal photographs taken at the third examination visit (1993–1995) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC), a population-based cohort study in middle-aged persons. Images were evaluated for AMD signs according to a standardized protocol. Incident events of stroke and its subtypes were identified and validated via case record review over time. Results AMD was diagnosed in 591 participants, of whom 576 had early and 15 late AMD. After a mean follow-up of 13.0 years (standard deviation: 3.3), 619 persons developed an incident stroke, including 548 cerebral infarction and 57 ICH. Participants with any AMD were at an increased risk of stroke (multi-variable adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–2.06), with a stronger association for ICH (HR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.18–5.87) than cerebral infarction (HR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.01–1.99). Conclusions Persons with AMD are at an increased risk of both cerebral infarction and ICH. These data provide further insights into common pathophysiological processes between AMD and stroke subtypes.

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Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Identification of pathogenic genes and upstream regulators in age-related macular degeneration

Identification of pathogenic genes and upstream regulators in age-related macular degeneration

Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Incident Cardiovascular Disease: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Long-Term Risk of Stroke Subtypes

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