Age-related infection and transmission patterns of human cysticercosis

Praet, Nicolas; Speybroeck, Niko; Rodríguez‐Hidalgo, Richar; Benítez‐Ortiz, Washington; Berkvens, Dirk; Brandt, Jef; Saegerman, Claude; Dorny, Pierre

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.07.007

Cited by 46 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Change point analyses in earlier studies have indicated that the number of people with active infections (cysticercosis) increases from a certain age onward. In Ecuador, this change point was determined to be at 60 years of age, 22 whereas in Zambia (Petauke study area) this change point was observed at 30 years of age. 15 The analyses from this study corroborate the latter finding, indicating an increased risk for cysticercosis after the age of 32.5 for the Petauke area and 28.5 for the Katete area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Study and Ranking of Determinants of Taenia solium Infections by Classification Tree Models

Mwape

Phiri

Praet

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis is an important public health problem occurring mainly in developing countries. This work aimed to study the determinants of human T. solium infections in the Eastern province of Zambia and rank them in order of importance. A household (HH)-level questionnaire was administered to 680 HHs from 53 villages in two rural districts and the taeniasis and cysticercosis status determined. A classification tree model (CART) was used to define the relative importance and interactions between different predictor variables in their effect on taeniasis and cysticercosis. The Katete study area had a significantly higher taeniasis and cysticercosis prevalence than the Petauke area. The CART analysis for Katete showed that the most important determinant for cysticercosis infections was the number of HH inhabitants (6 to 10) and for taeniasis was the number of HH inhabitants 6. The most important determinant in Petauke for cysticercosis was the age of head of household 32 years and for taeniasis it was age 55 years. The CART analysis showed that the most important determinant for both taeniasis and cysticercosis infections was the number of HH inhabitants (6 to 10) in Katete district and age in Petauke. The results suggest that control measures should target HHs with a high number of inhabitants and older individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Study and Ranking of Determinants of Taenia solium Infections by Classification Tree Models

Mwape

Phiri

Praet

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…4 Briefly, a community-based study was conducted between September and November 2007 in the parish of Cazaderos, situated in the southern Andean province of Loja, where CC is endemic. 8 A total of 791 human serum samples were collected and tested using three serological methods, namely the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (Ag-ELISA) for the detection of circulating antigens of the metacestode of T. solium , 9 the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay (EITB) for the detection of antibodies directed against seven specific T. solium glycoprotein antigens, 10 and the ELISA for the detection of antibodies directed against crude cyst-fluid extracts (Ab-ELISA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specificity of the Ag-ELISA for the detection of exposed individuals (th2 [3] in the model in Supplemental Appendix S1) 0.9-1 Probability to have a positive result for the EITB if the individual is exposed and positive for the Ag-ELISA (th2 [4] in the model in Supplemental Appendix S1) 0.95-1 Probability to have a positive result for the EITB if the individual is exposed and negative for the Ag-ELISA (th2 [5] in the model in Supplemental Appendix S1) 0.95-1 Probability to have a negative result for the EITB if the individual is not exposed and negative for the Ag-ELISA (th2 [6] in the model in Supplemental Appendix S1) 0.95-1 Probability to have a positive result for the Ab-ELISA if the individual is exposed and positive for the Ag-ELISA and the EITB (th2 [8] in the model in Supplemental Appendix S1) 0.9-1 Probability to have a negative result for the Ab-ELISA if the individual is exposed and negative for the Ag-ELISA and the EITB (th2 [12] in the model in Supplemental Appendix S1) 0.5-1 * The other probabilities are not constrained and left as uniform distributions (0-1). Ag-ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of circulating antigens of the metacestode of T. solium ; EITB = enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay for the detection of antibodies directed against seven specific T. solium glycoprotein antigens; Ab-ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies directed against crude cyst-fluid extracts of T. solium .…”

Section: Conditional Probabilities Prior Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, epidemiological studies are useful to understand the transmission dynamics of the parasite. 3,4 However, it is known that the sensitivity and specificity of a test may vary when applied on symptomatic versus asymptomatic individuals. The use of estimates of the sensitivity and specificity of a diagnostic tool based on a selected population of symptomatic patients would, therefore, not be completely appropriate in the framework of an epidemiological study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infection with versus Exposure to Taenia solium: What Do Serological Test Results Tell Us?

Praet

Rodríguez‐Hidalgo²,

Speybroeck³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Taenia solium cysticercosis is an endemic zoonosis in many developing countries. Serological tests are the most appropriate diagnostic tools to understand the transmission dynamics of the parasite, but the performances of these methods in such a setting are not known. A south Ecuadorian human population living in an endemic area was tested using three common serological tests. Because none of them is a gold standard, a Bayesian Latent Class analysis was used to estimate the test characteristics. Two definitions of a case were considered to differentiate between prevalence of current infection and prior exposure to the parasite. Differences between the performances of the same test in function of the definition of a case were observed. This study shows that test results and prior information should be interpreted carefully in a Bayesian analysis framework, particularly when the latter is based on clinical studies.

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“…A single cysticercus located in the brainstem, or within the eye, or in the pituitary gland [16] may produce different and more severe clinical manifestations than various cysticerci scattered in brain parenchyma but not situated in eloquent neurologic sites [9]. Also, the intensity of the immune response from the host varies widely from one patient to another, some patients develop a severe immune response to cysticerci whereas others present a remarkable tolerance to the parasites [17,18]; in the former cases the spontaneous disappearance of cysts provoked by the immune response of the host can be reasonably predicted by the initial evidence gathered by imaging studies (eg, parenchymal cysts surrounded by intense inflammatory halo) [19]; whereas in the later cases the cysts that are not accompanied by inflammation may survive and grow undisturbed for long periods, even years, and reach a large size of 5 to 10 cm in diameter in the form of a single giant cyst or a clump of cysts; a peculiar feature of these large cysts is the absence of metacestode on their interior.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Neurocysticercosis

Sotelo

2011

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

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Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most frequent parasitic disease of the human brain. Modern imaging studies, CT and MRI, have defined the diagnosis and characterization of the disease. Through these studies the therapeutic approach for each case may be individualized with the aid of antihelmintics, steroids, symptomatic medicines, or surgery. The use of one or various therapeutic measures largely depends on the peculiar combination of number, location, and biological stage of lesions as well as the degree of inflammatory response to the parasites. Although there is not a typical clinical picture of NCC, epilepsy is the most frequent manifestation of parenchymal NCC, whereas hydrocephalus is the most frequent manifestation of meningeal NCC. Eradication of cysticercosis is an attainable goal by public education and sanitary improvement in endemic areas.

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Age-related infection and transmission patterns of human cysticercosis

Cited by 46 publications

References 20 publications

Study and Ranking of Determinants of Taenia solium Infections by Classification Tree Models

Study and Ranking of Determinants of Taenia solium Infections by Classification Tree Models

Infection with versus Exposure to Taenia solium: What Do Serological Test Results Tell Us?

Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Neurocysticercosis

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