Age-related Histological Findings in the Pineal Gland of Crl:CD(SD) Rats

The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) Project (www.toxpath.org/inhand.asp) is a joint initiative among the Societies of Toxicological Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP) and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and nonproliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying microscopic lesions observed in the endocrine organs (pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands and pancreatic islets) of laboratory rats and mice, with color photomicrographs illustrating examples of the lesions. The standardized nomenclature presented in this document is also available electronically on the internet (http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous and aging lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature for endocrine lesions in laboratory animals will decrease confusion among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different countries and provide a common language to increase and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists.

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“…( Allen et al 1982 ; Calvo and Boya 1984 ; Diehl 1978 ; Dill 1963 ; Kristić 1972 ; Prosenc and Cervós-Navarro 1994 ; Tomonari et al 2012 )…”

Section: Pineal Glandunclassified

Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Rat and Mouse Endocrine System

Brändli-Baiocco

Balme

Bruder³

et al. 2018

J Toxicol Pathol

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“…S1). 24 Signal peptide containing proteins that either promote or inhibit mineralization were identified from the human pineal gland. Previous reports have shown that statherin (STATH) maintains calcium and phosphate levels in saliva by inhibiting calcium and phosphate precipitation.…”

Section: Significance Of the Pineal Proteins With Secretory Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 The pineal gland, with aging, contains deposits of calcium, magnesium and phosphates that are known as brain sand or corpora amylacea. 24 It has been reported that the synthesis of melatonin decreases with increase in mineralization of the pineal gland, a process that occurs due to the degeneration of pinealocytes. 25 Mast cells that are immunopositive for tryptase are the key players in the process of calcification in the pineal gland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of human pineal gland proteome

et al. 2016

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The pineal gland is a neuroendocrine gland located at the center of the brain. It is known to regulate various physiological functions in the body through secretion of the neurohormone melatonin. Comprehensive characterization of the human pineal gland proteome has not been undertaken to date. We employed a high-resolution mass spectrometry-based approach to characterize the proteome of the human pineal gland. A total of 5874 proteins were identified from the human pineal gland in this study. Of these, 5820 proteins were identified from the human pineal gland for the first time. Interestingly, 1136 proteins from the human pineal gland were found to contain a signal peptide domain, which indicates the secretory nature of these proteins. An unbiased global proteomic profile of this biomedically important organ should benefit molecular research to unravel the role of the pineal gland in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.

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“…We agree that the fibrous material outside of the vacuoles in the top right corner could be collagen fibres. Tomonari et al (2012) investigated 383 rats from a histological viewpoint and found focal…”

Section: Corresponding Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

Pineal gland calcification under hypoxic conditions

Kopáni

Vraníková²,

Kosnáč³

et al. 2019

Physiol Res

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The pineal gland (glandula pinealis) is neuroendocrine gland located at the epithalamus of the brain secreting melatonin. The aim of this study was to explore effects of prenatal hypoxia in rats at the age of 33 weeks on the occurrence of pineal gland calcification. Distribution and chemical composition of calcerous material by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy was investigated. Melatonin concentrations in blood plasma by direct radioimmunoassay were measured. Rats were exposed to prenatal hypoxia for 12 h at day 20 of development and second group to prenatal hypoxia for 2x8 h at days 19 and 20 of development. Vacuoles of intracellular edema in the pineal samples after 12 h hypoxia were found. Their size ranges up to 30 µm. Some of them were filled with the flocculent and fibrous material. Samples of pineal glands after 2 x 8 h hypoxia revealed the pericellular edema of pinealocytes. The amount of calcium rich particles in 2 x 8 h hypoxia group was lower than in 12 h hypoxia group. Plasma melatonin levels did not differ between control and both hypoxia groups. We concluded that calcification is a process induced by osteoblasts and osteocytes with melatonin as a promotor and it is favored under hypoxic conditions.

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Age-related Histological Findings in the Pineal Gland of Crl:CD(SD) Rats

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Rat and Mouse Endocrine System

Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Rat and Mouse Endocrine System

Characterization of human pineal gland proteome

Pineal gland calcification under hypoxic conditions

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