Age-Related Features of Cataractogenesis in Salmon Fry. 2. Biochemical Features of Lens during Cataractogenesis

Toivonen, Leena; Нефедова, З. А.; Sidorov, V. S.; Yurovitskii, Yu. G.

doi:10.1023/b:rudo.0000015126.13099.50

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…It has been reported that the lens growth is accompanied by the increase of protein and lipid content. The lipid mass increases predominantly at the expense of phospholipids and cholesterol and the age-related increase of cholesterol/phospholipid coefficient suggest increase membrane rigidity [18]. Human lenses are characterized by the predominance of saturated and monoenic acids, while the proportion of polyenic acids amounts to 2 % only [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Biomarkers of Lens Aging

Mohanty

Bhattacharjee

Paria

et al. 2012

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

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Lipids are important structural components of cell membranes and have profound effect on membrane fluidity. Lipid profiling and lipidomics have captured increased attention due to the well-recognized roles of lipids in numerous human diseases. Investigating lipid profiles not only provides insights into the specific roles of lipid molecular species in health and diseases, but can also help in identifying potential preventive or therapeutic biomarkers. Cataract, the loss of transparency of eye lens, is a disease of protein aggregation. There are several factors contributing to the stability in protein conformation. Age-related changes in lipid composition could be a contributing factor for altered protein-lipid interaction leading to protein aggregation and cataract. Keeping this in view, in the present study, fatty acid profiling from different age groups of lenses was carried out, using a freshwater catfish as the model. Total lipids were extracted from lenses of three different age groups of fishes (young, adult, and aged) and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were prepared and FAME analysis was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that three fatty acids viz. heneicosylic acid (C21), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6), nervonic acid (C24:1) which were not present in the adult lens, appeared in the aged lens. On the other hand, eicosenoic acid (C20:1) present in the adult lens was found to be absent in the aged lens. The appearance or disappearance of these fatty acids can possibly serve as biomarkers of aging lens which is the most vulnerable stage for cataract development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Biomarkers of Lens Aging

Mohanty

Bhattacharjee

Paria

et al. 2012

Appl Biochem Biotechnol

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Comparative analysis of crystallins and lipids from the lens of Antarctic toothfish and cow

2010

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Animal model systems of senile cataract and lens crystallin stability are essential to understand the complex nature of lens transparency. Our aim in this study was to assess the long-lived Antarctic toothfish Dissostichus mawsoni (Norman) as a model system to understand long-term lens clarity in terms of solubility changes that occur to crystallins. We compared the toothfish with the mammalian model cow lens, dissecting each species' lens into a cortex and nuclear region. In addition to crystallin distribution, we also assayed fatty acid (FA) composition by negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The majority of toothfish lens crystallins from cortex (90.4%) were soluble, whereas only a third (31.8%) from the nucleus was soluble. Crystallin solubility analysis by SDS-PAGE and immunoblots revealed that relative proportions of crystallins in both soluble and urea-soluble fractions were similar within each species examined and in agreement with previous reports for bovine lens. From our data, we found that both toothfish and cow crystallins follow patterns of insolubility that mirror each animals lens composition with more γ crystallin aggregation seen in the toothfish lens nucleus than in cow. Toothfish lens lipids had a large amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids that were absent in cow resulting in an unsaturation index (I(U)) four-fold higher than that of cow. We identified a novel FA with a molecular mass of 267 mass units in the lens epithelial layer of the toothfish that accounted for well over 50% of the FA abundance. The unidentified lipid in the toothfish lens epithelia corresponds to either an odd-chain (17 carbons) FA or a furanoid. We conclude that long-lived fishes are likely good animal models of lens crystallin solubility and may model post-translational modifications and solubility changes better than short-lived animal models.

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