Age-related differences revealed in Australian fur seal<i>Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus</i>gut microbiota

Smith, Stuart; Chalker, Andrea; Dewar, Meagan; Arnould, John P. Y.

doi:10.1111/1574-6941.12157

Cited by 41 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…3). This overall composition of intestinal microflora of normal-growth (showing uninhibited growth during the rearing stage, including fast-and medium-growth) eels was consistent with prior 16S rDNA sequencing studies of vertebrate model organisms, except for Fusobacteria Smith et al 2013;Carda-Dieguez et al 2014;Estruch et al 2015;Song et al 2016). The reasons for these inconsistencies may involve the host or growing factors, such as genetic background, gut history, living conditions, health status or physiological and biochemical processes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

The composition and structure of the intestinal microflora of Anguilla marmorata at different growth rates: a deep sequencing study

et al. 2019

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Aims The aim of this study was to determine the intestinal microflora of Anguilla marmorata at different growth rates and to identify potential probiotic/pernicious bacteria. Methods and Results Bacterial communities from eight different eels' intestinal sites (including the intestinal contents and the intestinal mucosa) from three fish groups (three fast‐, two medium‐, and three stunted‐growth samples), two water samples, and one diet sample were characterized by Illumina next‐generation sequencing. The data revealed that the predominant genera (relative abundance of bacteria genera >1%) in the intestine of fast‐ and medium‐growth groups were Cetobacterium, Edwardsiella, Clostridium, Lactococcus, Bacteroides, Plesiomonas and Akkermansia. The dominant genus in the stunted‐growth group was Spiroplasma. Moreover, culture‐associated (water and feed) environmental microbes were distinct from those present in fish intestines, and included Flavobacterium (the dominant bacteria in water) and Corynebacterium (the dominant bacteria in feed). Conclusions Only minor differences in gut microbial communities were observed between the fast‐growth group and the medium‐growth group; however, significant differences were observed between the normal‐growth group (including the fast‐growth group and medium‐growth group, which showed uninhibited growth during the rearing stage) and the stunted‐growth group. Together, these data suggested that intestinal microbes were significantly associated with marbled eels’ growth rate. Significance and Impact of the Study In this study, we demonstrated for the first time, the intestinal bacterial communities of A. marmorata at different growth rates. Moreover, we found that the genus Spiroplasma was abundant in the guts of stunted‐growth eels, which had never been noticed. Such a finding indicates that the genus Spiroplasma plays a key role associated with retardation in growth and should be controlled to recover the growth of stunted eels, which is meaningful to farmers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

The composition and structure of the intestinal microflora of Anguilla marmorata at different growth rates: a deep sequencing study

et al. 2019

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“…The dominance of the faecal flora by the four bacterial phyla, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria is similar to the results that Smith et al (2013) obtained from Australian fur seals, Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus, collected north of the Ross Sea. Clone libraries generated from the faeces of wild southern elephant seals and leopard seals from western Antarctica also showed that the communities were dominated by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria but Actinobacteria were a minor component of the communities of these species (Nelson 2012).…”

Section: Community Compositionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Isolated faecal bacterial communities found for Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, at White Island, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

2014

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The microbial diversity of faecal communities co-existing with mega fauna is not well understood even though these faecal communities are critical for health and development. Additionally, the transfer of microbial taxa among host animals is little studied. Here, we used 16S sequences obtained from clone libraries to characterise the faecal microbiota of Weddell seals breeding in McMurdo Sound and at White Island, Antarctica. Faecal bacterial communities were dominated by four phyla; Actinobacteria (20 %), Bacteroidetes (13 %), Firmicutes (23 %), and Proteobacteria (13 %). We also used automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis to examine the dispersal of bacteria between populations of Weddell seals breeding at White Island and in McMurdo Sound. The Weddell seals at White Island are isolated by the Ross Ice Shelf from the larger population of Weddell seals breeding in McMurdo Sound. We found that the faecal bacteria communities of the seals at White Island had lower diversity and that the community composition was significantly different compared with the seals in the McMurdo Sound area.

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“…Although Firmicutes dominates the microbial composition during early moult in both king and little penguins, it does not constitute a large proportion of the total composition, as in other vertebrates that have large fat stores (i.e. Australian sea lions, polar bears) [32], [38], [39]. This is quite surprising, considering penguins build up large reserves of fat prior to moult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of Fasting during Moult on the Faecal Microbiota of Penguins

et al. 2014

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Many seabirds including penguins are adapted to long periods of fasting, particularly during parts of the reproductive cycle and during moult. However, the influence of fasting on the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota has not been investigated in seabirds. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the microbial composition and diversity of the GI microbiota of fasting little (Eudyptula minor) and king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) penguins during early and late moult. The results from this study indicated that there was little change in the abundance of the major phyla during moult, except for a significant increase in the level of Proteobacteria in king penguins. In king penguins the abundance of Fusobacteria increases from 1.73% during early moult to 33.6% by late moult, whilst the abundance of Proteobacteria (35.7% to 17.2%) and Bacteroidetes (19.5% to 11%) decrease from early to late moult. In little penguins, a decrease in the abundances of Firmicutes (44% to 29%) and an increase in the abundance of Bacteroidetes (11% to 20%) were observed from early to late moult respectively. The results from this study indicate that the microbial composition of both king and little penguins alters during fasting. However, it appears that the microbial composition of king penguins is more affected by fasting than little penguins with the length of fast the most probable cause for this difference.

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Age-related differences revealed in Australian fur sealArctocephalus pusillus doriferusgut microbiota

Cited by 41 publications

References 46 publications

The composition and structure of the intestinal microflora of Anguilla marmorata at different growth rates: a deep sequencing study

The composition and structure of the intestinal microflora of Anguilla marmorata at different growth rates: a deep sequencing study

Isolated faecal bacterial communities found for Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, at White Island, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

Influence of Fasting during Moult on the Faecal Microbiota of Penguins

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