Age-Related Differences in Stride-to-Stride Variability During Dual Task Walking: A Pilot Study

Hollman, John H.; Salamon, Kathleen; Priest, Andrew

doi:10.1519/00139143-200412000-00002

Cited by 22 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…of step width [64,77,80,81,85], s.d. of stride time [64,77] and CV of stride velocity [63,82,84] had large mean Cohen's d (.1) values (figure 4), suggesting sufficient sensitivity of these conventional parameters to age-related differences. In addition, although reported only once, CV of MinFC showed the highest ES (ES ¼ 2.98) [34].…”

Section: Old Versus Young Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After screening, 29 articles were considered eligible for inclusion in this review (figure 1). Twenty-one studies considered research questions focussed on OY [6,8,34,35,52,59,[63][64][65][66][67][68][76][77][78][80][81][82][83][84][85], whereas only 10 studies were designed to assess FNF [5,8,35,53,60,62,[72][73][74][75]. Granata & Lockhart [35] and Khandoker et al [8] presented a combination of both cohort comparisons within the same study.…”

Section: Study Selection and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…55%), followed by Europe (24%) and Australia (4%). Furthermore, 26 articles reported measures of gait variability (s.d., coefficient of variation (CV) and inter-quartile range (IQR), figures 2 and 4), while six articles reported nonlinear measures for assessing variability (wavelets and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA)) and dynamic stability (Lyapunov exponents (LEs) and Floquet multipliers (FMs)) while three reported both [6,34,73] The cohort sample sizes varied considerably from 4 [63] to 422 [60] subjects. Cohort sample sizes in studies with nonlinear measures were smaller than those using linear approaches, ranging from 4 to 32 subjects and 4 to 422 subjects, respectively.…”

Section: Study Selection and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In FNF settings, 6/10 studies were age-matched [5,35,53,62,72,75], with only 4/10 studies gendermatched [5,53,72,74]. In the OY setting, 50 per cent of all studies measured gender-matched participants [6,34,[63][64][65][66][67]76,80,84].…”

Section: Study Selection and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[8,34,35,64,65,73,[76][77][78]80,81,85] and were assigned to the high-cost category (table 2). Seventeen measures were determined using a foot/floor mat [52,59,60,63,75,82,84] (medium cost), while 20 measures used foot switches or a portable insole plantar pressure measurement system [5,6,53,68,74] (medium cost). Finally, four measures used a paper/PVC mat [62,67,72] (low cost) and three used inertial sensors, including accelerometers [66,83] (medium cost).…”

Section: Costs/devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinematic measures for assessing gait stability in elderly individuals: a systematic review

Hamacher

Singh

Dieën

et al. 2011

J. R. Soc. Interface.

333

281

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Falls not only present a considerable health threat, but the resulting treatment and loss of working days also place a heavy economic burden on society. Gait instability is a major fall risk factor, particularly in geriatric patients, and walking is one of the most frequent dynamic activities of daily living. To allow preventive strategies to become effective, it is therefore imperative to identify individuals with an unstable gait. Assessment of dynamic stability and gait variability via biomechanical measures of foot kinematics provides a viable option for quantitative evaluation of gait stability, but the ability of these methods to predict falls has generally not been assessed. Although various methods for assessing gait stability exist, their sensitivity and applicability in a clinical setting, as well as their cost-effectiveness, need verification. The objective of this systematic review was therefore to evaluate the sensitivity of biomechanical measures that quantify gait stability among elderly individuals and to evaluate the cost of measurement instrumentation required for application in a clinical setting. To assess gait stability, a comparative effect size (Cohen's d ) analysis of variability and dynamic stability of foot trajectories during level walking was performed on 29 of an initial yield of 9889 articles from four electronic databases. The results of this survey demonstrate that linear variability of temporal measures of swing and stance was most capable of distinguishing between fallers and non-fallers, whereas step width and stride velocity prove more capable of discriminating between old versus young (OY) adults. In addition, while orbital stability measures (Floquet multipliers) applied to gait have been shown to distinguish between both elderly fallers and non-fallers as well as between young and old adults, local stability measures (ls) have been able to distinguish between young and old adults. Both linear and nonlinear measures of foot time series during gait seem to hold predictive ability in distinguishing healthy from fall-prone elderly adults. In conclusion, biomechanical measurements offer promise for identifying individuals at risk of falling and can be obtained with relatively low-cost tools. Incorporation of the most promising measures in combined retrospective and prospective studies for understanding fall risk and designing preventive strategies is warranted.

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