Age-Related Differences in Implicit Learning of Non-Spatial Sequential Patterns

Negash, Selam; Howard, Darlene V.; Japikse, Karin C.; Howard, James H.

doi:10.1076/anec.10.2.108.14462

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Age-related sequence learning deficits have still been observed following the removal of the spatial aspects of sequence stimulus presentation (Negash et al, 2003;Dennis et al, 2003). However, this finding is not surprising given that Willingham and colleagues (2000) demonstrated that participants learn a series of response locations during sequence learning.…”

Section: Do Age-related Swm Deficits Impact Other Forms Of Motor Learmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Age-related differences have been observed for the pursuit rotor task Kennedy et al, 2007), mirror tracing tasks (Etnier and Landers, 1988;Kennedy et al, 2005), and sequence learning tasks (Curran et al, 1997;Dennis et al, 2006;Negash et al, 2003;Howard et al, 2004;however, see Howard & Howard, 1989Frensch & Miner, 1994). Pursuit rotor and mirror tracing task performance have been shown to correlate with prefrontal volumetric declines Kennedy et al, 2005) as well as nonverbal working memory measures Kennedy et al, 2007).…”

Section: Do Age-related Swm Deficits Impact Other Forms Of Motor Learmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contributions of Spatial Working Memory to Visuomotor Learning

Anguera

Reuter‐Lorenz

Willingham

et al. 2010

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

279

309

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Previous studies of motor learning have described the importance of cognitive processes during the early stages of learning; however, the precise nature of these processes and their neural correlates remains unclear. The present study investigated whether spatial working memory (SWM) contributes to visuomotor adaptation depending on the stage of learning. We tested the hypothesis that SWM would contribute early in the adaptation process by measuring (i) the correlation between SWM tasks and the rate of adaptation, and (ii) the overlap between the neural substrates of a SWM mental rotation task and visuomotor adaptation. Participants completed a battery of neuropsychological tests, a visuomotor adaptation task, and an SWM task involving mental rotation, with the latter two tasks performed in a 3.0-T MRI scanner. Performance on a neuropsychological test of SWM (two-dimensional mental rotation) correlated with the rate of early, but not late, visuomotor adaptation. During the early, but not late, adaptation period, participants showed overlapping brain activation with the SWM mental rotation task, in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the bilateral inferior parietal lobules. These findings suggest that the early, but not late, phase of visuomotor adaptation engages SWM processes.

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Section: Do Age-related Swm Deficits Impact Other Forms Of Motor Learmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Do Age-related Swm Deficits Impact Other Forms Of Motor Learmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of Spatial Working Memory to Visuomotor Learning

Anguera

Reuter‐Lorenz

Willingham

et al. 2010

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

279

309

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Third, in other ASRT studies, we have included sensitive recognition and sorting tests that failed to reveal any ability to discriminate between structure-consistent and structureinconsistent sequences (Japikse, Howard, & Howard, 2001;Negash, Howard, Japikse, & Howard, 2003). We conclude that young people learn lag-2 and lag-3 structure implicitly and that the age deficits observed are not due to explicit learning deficits.…”

Section: Are Age Deficits Due To Implicit or Explicit Learning?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit Sequence Learning: Effects of Level of Structure, Adult Age, and Extended Practice.

Howard

Howard²,

Japikse

et al. 2004

Psychology and Aging

Self Cite

216

267

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The influence of structure and age on sequence learning was investigated by testing 24 young and 24 older participants for 10 sessions in an alternating serial response time task in which pattern trials alternated with random trials. Individuals encountered lag-2 or lag-3 structure, and learning was measured by the difference (in response time and accuracy) between pattern and random trials. Both ages learned lag-2 structure, but the young learned more than the older participants. Only the young people learned lag-3 structure, and they did so more slowly and to a lesser degree than they learned lag-2 structure. These age deficits in higher order sequence learning after extended practice are consistent with simultaneity theory and with theories positing that age-related deficits in neuromodulation lead to less distinctive representations.

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“…Similarly, Dennis [14 ] demonstrated first and second-order deterministic sequence acquisition in both groups, while only young adults acquired sequences with second-order probabilistic structure. In another alternating SRT study, Negash [15] showed greater trial-type effects in young than in older patients. In a generation task (i.e.…”

Section: The Serial Reaction Time Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%