Age-related differences in foot structure and function

Scott, Genevieve; Menz, Hylton B.; Newcombe, Lesley.

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2006.07.009

Cited by 284 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Toe function influences physical performance among adults [1][2][3][4], with toe flexor strength decreasing with aging [1,5,6]. However, although toe flexor strength has been reported in various studies, it has not been measured using a standardized method, such as hand grip strength (HGS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Toe Grip Strength and Physical Performance Among Japanese Preschool Children

Uritani¹,

Fukumoto²,

Matsumoto³

et al. 2017

Clin Res Foot Ankle

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Objective: To evaluate the association between Toe grip strength (TGS) and physical performance among preschool children in Japan.Methods: TGS was evaluated in 338 preschool children (178 boys, 160 girls), 4-6 years of age. The following physical performance tests were measured: hand grip strength (HGS), 25-m sprint run, 5-m shuttle run, standing long jump, and tennis ball throw, were measured. Participants were divided into five age groups of 6-month intervals, from the early 4-years-old group (48-53 months) to the early 6-years-old group (72-78 months). TGS was analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance, with a post-hoc test to assess between-sex differences and age-related changes. Associations between TGS and descriptive characteristics and physical performance were assessed using multivariate linear regression analysis.Results: TGS increased with development, being significantly greater in the early 6-years-old group than in the early and late 4-years-old group and early 5-years-old group. There was no between-sex difference in TGS within the same age group. TGS was associated with age in months and weight, but not with sex and height. TGS was also significantly associated with the 25-m sprint run, 5-m shuttle run and standing long jump performance, regardless of age, anthropometrics and HGS, in both sex, with the exception of the 5-m shuttle run in boys.Conclusion: TGS increased with age and was associated with enhanced lower-limb physical performance among preschool children and could provide a useful predictor of physical performance in this population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Toe Grip Strength and Physical Performance Among Japanese Preschool Children

Uritani¹,

Fukumoto²,

Matsumoto³

et al. 2017

Clin Res Foot Ankle

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“…Many investigators have reported that toe flexor strength decreases with aging, 1,4,5) and low toe flexor strength is an important risk factor for falls among the elderly [6][7][8] . In addition, inadequate toe strength results in hallux valgus or lesser toe deformities [8][9][10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrarater and Interrater Reliabilitiesfor a Toe Grip Dynamometer

2012

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Abstract.[Purpose] The aim of this study was to evaluate the intrarater and interrater reliabilities of a toe grip dynamometer.[Subjects] The subjects were 180 community-dwelling people and 20 university students. [Methods] We assigned 180 individuals to three groups based on age to determine the intrarater reliability. The groups consisted of young (age, 20 to 39 y), middle-aged (age, 40 to 59 y) and older adults (age, 60 to 79 y). Interrater reliability was investigated using 20 university students as subjects. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients to assess the intrarater and the interrater reliability. The intrarater reliability was assessed for each group by gender. We calculated intraclass correlation coefficients for the interrater reliability by comparing the first measurements made by two testers. The Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess fixed and proportional bias.[Results] The intrarater reliability showed a substantial to almost perfect agreement in male and almost perfect agreement in female subjects. For the intrarater reliability, a fixed bias was found in most measurements, but proportional bias was not found at all. The interrater reliability showed almost perfect agreement. Fixed bias and proportional bias were not found for the interrater reliability.[Conclusion] The intrarater and the interrater reliabilities of the toe grip dynamometer were substantial, indicating its suitability for clinical use.

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“…The exercises most commonly reported to be too difficult were those involving the toe flexors: picking up marbles (33.1%) and toe grasping using the Archxerciser arch-strengthening device (27.1%). It is now well established that aging is associated with loss of toe flexor strength [18][19][20] and that weakness of the toe flexors is associated with impaired balance 20,21 and an increased risk of falls. 22,23 As such, it is perhaps not surprising that these exercises were perceived to be difficult by some participants, particularly given that one of the main recruitment avenues for this study was through a podiatric medical clinic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%