Age-related differences in cranial sexual dimorphism in contemporary Europe

Velemínská, Jana; Fleischmannová, Nikola; Suchá, Barbora; Dupej, Ján; Bejdová, Šárka; Kotěrová, Anežka; Brůžek, Jaroslav

doi:10.1007/s00414-021-02547-6

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Furthermore, the midface is described as an area with great bone resorpsion, where the orbital aperture and apertura piriformis increase with age 9 , 39 . This aging manifested in the surface changes of the soft tissues of the face in this study is also consistent with the age-related changes in the splanchnocranium CT images of the skulls 33 of the current Czech population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…This methodology is complemented by scatterplot data, which show the development of centroid size during aging, and colour maps that illustrate both the specific age-related differences in the individual areas of the facial form, as well as the development of facial shape sexual dimorphism. The benefit of the study is its continuity with the study of age-related differences in the sexual dimorphism of cranial shape 33 . The studied material also used a recent Czech population, with the same age categories (with the exception of the juvenile category) and a methodology based on the superimposition of the average skull shapes using colour-coded maps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three-dimensional analysis of modeled facial aging and sexual dimorphism from juvenile to elderly age

Velemínská

Jaklová

Kočandrlová

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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A detailed understanding of craniofacial ontogenetic development is important in a variety of scientific disciplines dealing with facial reconstruction, forensic identification, ageing prediction, and monitoring of pathological growth, including the effect of therapy. The main goals of this study were (1) the construction of the facial aging model using local polynomial regression fitting separately for both sexes, (2) evaluation of the aging effect not only on facial form as a whole but also on dimensions important for clinical practice, and (3) monitoring of the development of shape facial sexual dimorphism. Our study was based on the form and shape analysis of three-dimensional facial surface models of 456 individuals aged 14–83 years. The facial models were obtained using a structured light-based optical scanner and divided (for some analyses) into four age categories (juveniles, young adults, middle adults, and elderly adults). The methodology was based on geometric and classic morphometrics including multivariate statistics. Aging in both sexes shared common traits such as more pronounced facial roundness reducing facial convexity, sagging soft tissue, smaller visible areas of the eyes, greater nose, and thinner lips. In contrast to female faces, male faces increase in size until almost 30 years of age. After the age of 70, male facial size not only stagnates, like in females, but actually decreases slightly. Sexual dimorphic traits tended to diminish in the frontal and orbitonasal areas and increase in the gonial area.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional analysis of modeled facial aging and sexual dimorphism from juvenile to elderly age

Velemínská

Jaklová

Kočandrlová

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…(Bibby, 1979;Garvin et al, 2014;İşcan et al, 1995;Steyn & İşcan, 1998). One work furtherly suggests that the same pattern was observed in all age groups being studied (18-92 years old) (Velemínská et al, 2021). Yet, the dimorphism is significantly less noticed in senile crania (Musilová et al, 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Sexual Dimorphism in Modern Javanese Crania: A Metric Approach

Saidah

Artaria

2022

JBP

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Establishing the biological profile of an unknown skeleton is one of forensic anthropologist main tasks; sex is one of them. In sexing the skulls, specific standard assessment designed for each population can improve the accuracy rate due to its population-specific traits. This study aims to describe the sexual dimorphism in contemporary Javanese crania while employing metric methods. The measurements of 50 male and 37 female crania were traditionally collected from nine craniometric points (i.e., g-op, eu-eu, ft-ft, zy-zy, n-pr, n-ns, apt-apt, go-go, n-gn) using calipers. This study found that out of nine measuring points, two (ft-ft, apt-apt) variables does not differ significantly between the male and female samples. This indicates that, in accordance with previous studies, ft-ft and apt-apt are not good predictors for sex. Future studies observing the non-metric sexual dimorphism on Javanese crania would serve as a meaningful aid in improving the accuracy and reliability when sexing Javanese crania.

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“…If this was the case, then it could be possible that sexual dimorphic differences were reduced in this study due to the older age of the females in our sample. However, more recent studies did not find the same tendency (Naparstek, 2014; Nikita, 2014; Velemínska et al, 2021). It also cannot be excluded that the lack of significance could be due to our small sample size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Exploring sexual dimorphism of human occipital and temporal bones through geometric morphometrics in an identified Western‐European sample

Boucherie

Chapman

García‐Martínez

et al. 2022

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Sex estimation is a paramount step of bioprofiling in both forensic anthropology and osteoarchaeology. When the pelvis is not optimally preserved, anthropologists commonly rely on the cranium to accurately estimate sex. Over the last decades, the geometric morphometric (GM) approach has been used to determine sexual dimorphism of the crania, in size and shape, overcoming some difficulties of traditional visual and metric methods. This article aims to investigate sexual dimorphism of the occipital and temporal region through GM analysis in a metapopulation of 50 Western-European identified individuals. Statistical analyses were performed to compare centroid size and shape data between sexes through the examination of distinct functional modules.Regression and Procrustes ANOVA were used to examine allometric and asymmetrical implications. Discriminant functions, combining size and shape data, were established.Significant dimorphism in size was found, with males having larger crania, confirming the major influence size has on cranial morphology. Allometric relationships were found to be statistically significant in both right and left temporal bones while shape differences between sexes were only significant on the right temporal bone. The visualization of the mean consensus demonstrated that males displayed a larger mastoid process associated with a reduced mastoid triangle and less projected occipital condyles. This exploratory study confirms that GM analysis represents an effective way to quantitatively capture shape of dimorphic structures, even on complex rounded ones such as the mastoid region. Further examination in a larger sample would be valuable to design objective visualization tools that can improve morphoscopic sex estimation methods.

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Age-related differences in cranial sexual dimorphism in contemporary Europe

Cited by 14 publications

References 71 publications

Three-dimensional analysis of modeled facial aging and sexual dimorphism from juvenile to elderly age

Three-dimensional analysis of modeled facial aging and sexual dimorphism from juvenile to elderly age

Sexual Dimorphism in Modern Javanese Crania: A Metric Approach

Exploring sexual dimorphism of human occipital and temporal bones through geometric morphometrics in an identified Western‐European sample

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