Age-related differences in cerebrovascular responses to cognitive stimulation using a novel method

Beishon, Lucy; Boadi, Ernel; Williams, Claire; Chithiramohan, Tamara; Barnes, Sam; Intharakham, Kannakorn; Batterham, Angus P; Haunton, Victoria J.; Robinson, Thompson G.; Panerai, Ronney B.

doi:10.1080/13825585.2021.1934387

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, perhaps the age-dependent impairment of NVC is related to task complexity and vessel segment insonation, which might explain the notable disparity between studies. A recent study reported age-related increase in cerebrovascular response to cognitive stimulation ( 81 ), which differs to the outcome presented herein. The apparent discrepancy may point to differential outcomes dependent on task (stimulus) and selective cerebral vessels.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Variation within the visually evoked neurovascular coupling response of the posterior cerebral artery is not influenced by age or sex

Leacy

Johnson

Lavoie

et al. 2022

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is the temporal and spatial co-ordination between local neuronal activity and regional cerebral blood flow. The literature is unsettled on whether age and/or sex affect NVC, which may relate to differences in methodology and the quantification of NVC in small sample sized studies. The aim of this study was to (a) determine the relative and combined contribution of age and sex to the variation observed across several distinct NVC metrics (n=125, 21-66yrs; 41males) and (b) present an approach for the comprehensive systematic assessment of the NVC response using transcranial Doppler ultrasound. NVC was measured as the relative change from baseline (% change) assessing peak, mean, and total area under the curve (tAUC) of cerebral blood velocity through the posterior cerebral artery (PCAv) during intermittent photic stimulation. Additionally, the NVC waveform was compartmentalised into distinct regions: Acute (0-9 seconds), mid (10-19 seconds) and late (20-30 seconds) following the onset of photic stimulation. Hierarchical multiple regression modelling was used to determine the extent of variation within each NVC metric attributable to demographic differences in age and sex. After controlling for differences in baseline PCAv, the R2 data suggests that 1.6%, 6.1%, 1.1%, 3.4%, 2.5% and 4.2% of the variance observed within mean, peak, tAUC, acute, mid and late response magnitude is attributable to the combination of age and sex. Our study reveals that variability in NVC response magnitude is independent of age and sex in healthy human participants, aged 21-66 years.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Variation within the visually evoked neurovascular coupling response of the posterior cerebral artery is not influenced by age or sex

Leacy

Johnson

Lavoie

et al. 2022

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…This is supported by data from Beishon et al. 73 who observed increased cerebrovascular velocity responses (∼44%) in the anterior circulation with advancing age to cognitive stimulation. This has also been documented in a review whereby Beishon et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…72 Furthermore, studies using cognitive tasks provide support for elevated responses not representing a superior physiological response in the context of advancing age. This is supported by data from Beishon et al 73 who observed increased cerebrovascular velocity responses ($44%) in the anterior circulation with advancing age to cognitive stimulation. This has also been documented in a review whereby Beishon et al 6 highlighted individuals with mild cognitive impairment displayed elevated CBF responses to NVC tasks compared to healthy controls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Sex modifies the relationship between age and neurovascular coupling in healthy adults

Koep

Bond

Barker

et al. 2023

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is the matching between local neuronal activity and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), but little is known about the effects of age and sex on NVC. This study aimed to investigate the relationships and interaction between age and sex on NVC. Sixty-four healthy adults (18–85 years, N = 34 female) completed a visual stimulus evoked NVC assessment to a flashing checkerboard. NVC responses were measured in the posterior cerebral artery (PCAv) using transcranial Doppler ultrasound. A hierarchical multiple regression was used to determine the relationships between age, sex, and the age by sex interaction on NVC. There was a significant age by sex interaction for baseline (P = 0.001) and peak PCAv (P = 0.01), with a negative relationship with age in females (P < 0.005), and no relationship in males (P ≥ 0.17). NVC responses as a percent increase from baseline showed a significant age by sex interaction (P = 0.014), with a positive relationship with age in females (P = 0.04) and no relationship in males (P = 0.17), even after adjusting for baseline PCAv. These data highlight important sex differences, with an association between age and NVC only apparent in females but not males, and thus a need to account for sex dependent effects of ageing when investigating cerebrovascular regulation.

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“…Compared to the more commonly used 95% confidence limit, the 90% threshold provided greater sensitivity, to the detriment of specificity, and a better yield. 42 For each task, a subject was classified as R if the response led to CCF/VR values greater than either CCF 90 ¼ 0.53 or VR 90 ¼ 2.59, as described previously. 21 Subjects not meeting these criteria were labelled as NoR, for the given cognitive task.…”

Section: Objective Criteria For Nvc Response Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 It is more likely that the changes of interaction between dCA and NVC in response to task activation might be as a result of age-related changes in cerebral vasomotion. 42,74 However, the reduction of ARI values due to mental activation is highly relevant to improve our understanding of dCA nonstationarity 75 with its inherent physiological variability, which might be the predominant cause of poor reproducibility 53,76 seen in task-activated studies. Thus, the BP-MCAv relationship may rapidly shift from the linear nature of dCA 77 at rest to nonlinear behaviour during neural stimulation, due to the interaction between myogenic and metabolic activities.…”

Section: Dca During Neural Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression of dynamic cerebral autoregulation during neural activation: The role of responders and non-responders

Ladthavorlaphatt,

Surti,

Beishon

et al. 2024

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Neurovascular coupling (NVC) interaction with dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) remains unclear. We investigated the effect of task complexity and duration on the interaction with dCA. Sixteen healthy participants (31.6 ± 11.6 years) performed verbal fluency (naming-words (NW)) and serial subtraction (SS) paradigms, of varying complexity, at durations of 05, 30 and 60 s. The autoregulation index (ARI), was estimated from the bilateral middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) step response, calculated by transfer function analysis (TFA), for each paradigm during unstimulated (2 min) and neuroactivated (1 min) segments. Intraclass correlation (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) determined reproducibility for two visits and objective criteria were applied to classify responders (R) and non-responders (NoR) to task-induced MCAv increase. ICC values demonstrated fair reproducibility in all tasks. ARI decreased in right (RH) and left (LH) hemispheres, irrespective of paradigm complexity and duration (p < 0.0001). Bilateral ARI estimates were significantly decreased during NW for the R group only (p < 0.0001) but were reduced in both R (p < 0.0001) and NoR (p = 0.03) groups for SS tasks compared with baseline. The reproducible attenuation of dCA efficiency due to paradigm-induced NVC response, its interaction, and different behaviour in R and NoR, warrant further research in different physiological and clinical conditions.

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Age-related differences in cerebrovascular responses to cognitive stimulation using a novel method

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Variation within the visually evoked neurovascular coupling response of the posterior cerebral artery is not influenced by age or sex

Variation within the visually evoked neurovascular coupling response of the posterior cerebral artery is not influenced by age or sex

Sex modifies the relationship between age and neurovascular coupling in healthy adults

Depression of dynamic cerebral autoregulation during neural activation: The role of responders and non-responders

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