Age-related decline of gait variability in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Support for the maturational delay hypothesis in gait

Manicolo, Olivia; Grob, Alexander; Lemola, Sakari; Arx, Priska Hagmann-von

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.12.012

Cited by 28 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The authors reported differences in the gait profile of ADHD-CT in the self-selected fast speed category. This finding supports another recent investigation of altered gait profiles, wherein children with ADHD were reported to walk with significantly higher variability in stride time (Manicolo et al, 2016). Additionally, the authors provided support for their maturational delay hypothesis, demonstrating that gait variability decreases with age in ADHD children and their performance becomes more like that of TD peers.…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

“…Case studies have reported significant gait abnormalities and ataxia in patients who abuse N 2 O and show clinical signs of vitamin B12 deficiency (Hsu et al, 2012;Miller et al, 2004). These outcomes support the hypothesis that gait abnormalities in ADHD may be attributable to low level exposures to environmental N 2 O, however the case reports contribute little to the maturational delay hypothesis proposed by Manicolo et al (2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Significantly elevated DYN levels are thought to underlie the ataxia and highly abnormal gait profiles characteristic of the known neurodegenerative condition, spinocerebellar ataxia type 23, suggesting that moderately augmented DYN-KOR activity from low levels of environmental N 2 O may contribute to a less severe gait profile like those documented in the works of Papadopoulos et al (2014) and Manicolo et al (2016). However, maturational changes in the constitutive activity of KOR in brain may explain the normalization of these altered gait profiles in older ADHD subjects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, maturational changes in the constitutive activity of KOR in brain may explain the normalization of these altered gait profiles in older ADHD subjects. While Papadopoulos et al (2014) and Manicolo et al (2016) screened for developmental coordination disorders and intellectual functioning in their samples, it is important to note that motor disorders can affect gait as well as behavior and learning in children, and these effects may resolve with age, suggesting that other developmental factors besides environmental exposure to N 2 O may be contributing to gait abnormalities in children with comorbid psychiatric diagnoses (Davids et al, 2014;Gibbs et al, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gait abnormalities, ADHD, and environmental exposure to nitrous oxide

Fluegge

2016

Psychiatry Research

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supporting

confidence: 85%

mentioning

confidence: 60%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gait abnormalities, ADHD, and environmental exposure to nitrous oxide

Fluegge

2016

Psychiatry Research

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“…Previous studies of gait in children with ADHD have mainly focused on the differences of gait variables in children with ADHD [15], or age-dependent change in gait that bring children with ADHD closer to typically developed controls [16]. Step length in children with ADHD has shown great variability, which becomes much more pronounced during dual tasking, and is reduced to levels approaching those of control subjects after initiating medication [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Anterior Pelvic Angle Characterizes the Gait of Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

et al. 2017

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BackgroundChildren with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently have motor problems. Previous studies have reported that the characteristic gait in children with ADHD is immature and that subjects demonstrate higher levels of variability in gait characteristics for the lower extremities than healthy controls. However, little is known about body movement during gait in children with ADHD. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristic body movements associated with ADHD symptoms in children with ADHD.MethodsUsing a three-dimensional motion analysis system, we compared gait variables in boys with ADHD (n = 19; mean age, 9.58 years) and boys with typical development (TD) (n = 21; mean age, 10.71 years) to determine the specific gait characteristics related to ADHD symptoms. We assessed spatiotemporal gait variables (i.e. speed, stride length, and cadence), and kinematic gait variables (i.e. angle of pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle) to measure body movement when walking at a self-selected pace.ResultsIn comparison with the TD group, the ADHD group demonstrated significantly higher values in cadence (t = 3.33, p = 0.002) and anterior pelvic angle (t = 3.08, p = 0.004). In multiple regression analysis, anterior pelvic angle was associated with the ADHD rating scale hyperactive/impulsive scores (β = 0.62, t = 2.58, p = 0.025), but not other psychiatric symptoms in the ADHD group.ConclusionsOur results suggest that anterior pelvic angle represents a specific gait variable related to ADHD symptoms. Our kinematic findings could have potential implications for evaluating the body movement in boys with ADHD.

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Different neural substrates for precision stepping and fast online step adjustments in youth

et al. 2018

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Humans can navigate through challenging environments (e.g., cluttered or uneven terrains) by modifying their preferred gait pattern (e.g., step length, step width, or speed). Growing behavioral and neuroimaging evidence suggests that the ability to modify preferred step patterns requires the recruitment of cognitive resources. In children, it is argued that prolonged development of complex gait is related to the ongoing development of involved brain regions, but this has not been directly investigated yet. Here, we aimed to elucidate the relationship between structural brain properties and complex gait in youth aged 9–18 years. We used volumetric analyses of cortical grey matter (GM) and whole-brain voxelwise statistical analyses of white matter (WM), and utilized a treadmill-based precision stepping task to investigate complex gait. Moreover, precision stepping was performed on step targets which were either unperturbed or perturbed (i.e., unexpectedly shifting to a new location). Our main findings revealed that larger unperturbed precision step error was associated with decreased WM microstructural organization of tracts that are particularly associated with attentional and visual processing functions. These results strengthen the hypothesis that precision stepping on unperturbed step targets is driven by cortical processes. In contrast, no significant correlations were found between perturbed precision stepping and cortical structures, indicating that other (neural) mechanisms may be more important for this type of stepping.

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Age-related decline of gait variability in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Support for the maturational delay hypothesis in gait

Cited by 28 publications

References 22 publications

Gait abnormalities, ADHD, and environmental exposure to nitrous oxide

Gait abnormalities, ADHD, and environmental exposure to nitrous oxide

Increased Anterior Pelvic Angle Characterizes the Gait of Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Different neural substrates for precision stepping and fast online step adjustments in youth

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