Age-Related Decline in Olympic Triathlon Performance: Effect of Locomotion Mode

Berthet, Thierry; Sultana, Frédéric; Lepers, Romuald; Hausswirth, Christophe; Brisswalter, Jeanick

doi:10.1080/03610730903418620

Cited by 68 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Similar findings have been already documented by Bernard et al (2010) for short distance triathlon and by for long distance triathlon. In contrast, for off-road triathlon, cycling (mountain biking) performance declined with advancing age in the same manner to that seen in swimming and running.…”

Section: Age-related Differences In Triathlon Performance Differ Betwsupporting

confidence: 90%

Age-related changes in conventional road versus off-road triathlon performance

Lepers

Stapley

2011

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Import JabRef | WosArea Physiology; Sport SciencesInternational audienceThe aims of this study were: (i) to analyze age-related declines in swimming, cycling, and running performances for road-based and off-road triathlons, and (ii) to compare age-related changes in these three disciplines between road-based and off-road triathlons. Swimming, cycling, running and total time performances of the top five males between 20 and 70 years of age (in 5-year intervals) were analyzed for short distance road-based (1.5 km swim, 40 km cycle, and 10 km run) and off-road (1.5 km swim, 30 km mountain bike, and 11 km trail run) triathlons at the 2009 World Championships. Independently of age, there was a lesser age-related decline in cycling performance (P inf 0.01) compared to running and swimming for road-based triathlon. In contrast, age-related decline did not differ between the three locomotion modes for off-road triathlon. With advancing age, the performance decline was less pronounced (P inf 0.01) for road-based than for off-road triathlon in swimming (a parts per thousand yen65 years), cycling (a parts per thousand yen50 years), running (a parts per thousand yen60 years), and total event (a parts per thousand yen55 years) times, respectively. These results suggest that the rate of the decline in performance for off-road triathlon is greater than for road-based triathlon, indicating that the type of discipline (road vs. mountain bike cycling and road vs. trail running) exerts an important influence on the magnitude of the age-associated changes in triathlon performance

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Section: Age-related Differences In Triathlon Performance Differ Betwsupporting

confidence: 90%

Age-related changes in conventional road versus off-road triathlon performance

Lepers

Stapley

2011

Eur J Appl Physiol

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“…It appears therefore that the age group with the largest participation in 100-km ultra-marathoners was quite similar from marathoners and 161-km ultra-marathoners. A possible explanation for the relative decrease in 100-km finishers of the younger age groups might be that younger athletes are more and more attracted by other sport's disciplines with more technical abilities and higher intensities (Bernard et al 2010;Baker and Tang 2010). In contrast, the relative increase in 100-km finishers of the older age groups might be explained by the rapid increase in the older population in Switzerland (Robine and Paccaud 2005), as well as the considerable increase in life expectancy over the last 20 years in Switzerland (Savidan et al 2010;Wanner 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related changes in 100-km ultra-marathon running performance

Knechtle

Rüst

Rosemann

et al. 2011

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The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the participation and performance trends at the '100 km Lauf Biel' in Switzerland from 1998 to 2010, and (2) to compare the age-related changes in 100-km running performance between males and females. For both sexes, the percent of finishers significantly (P<0.01) decreased for the 18-29 and the 30-39-year age groups, while it significantly (P<0.01) increased for the 40-49 and the 50-59-year age groups over the studied period. From 1998 to 2010, the mean age of the top ten finishers increased by 0.4 years per annum for both females (P=0.02) and males (P=0.003). The running time for the top ten finishers remained stable for females, while it significantly (P=0.001) increased by 2.4 min per annum for males. There was a significant (P<0.001) age effect on running times for both sexes. The best 100-km running times was observed for the age comprised between 30 and 49 years for males, and between 30 and 54 years for females, respectively. The age-related decline in running performance was similar until 60-64 years between males and females, but was greater for females compared to males after 65 years. Future studies should investigate the lifespan from 65 to 75 years to better understand the performance difference between male and female master ultra-marathoners.

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“…However, there is a smaller age-related decline in cycling performance compared to running and swimming performances for both short and long distance triathlons. [8,96,97] These findings suggest that age-related declines in endurance performance are specific to the mode of locomotion, although the cause for such modespecificity is not clear. Where does the focus of this locomotor mode-specificity with age lie?…”

Section: Effects Of the Mode Of Locomotionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…[34,79,92,96,97,98] Endurance and ultra-endurance performance appears to be maintained until approximately 35-40 years of age, followed by modest decreases until 50 years of age and a progressive decrease in performance thereafter. [83,84,88] The greatest declines in endurance and triathlon performance occur after the age of 70 years (Table 3).…”

Section: Age-related Declines In Triathlon Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Triathlon Performance: Effects of Sex and Age

2013

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The influences of sex and age upon endurance performance have previously been documented for both running and swimming. A number of recent studies have investigated how sex and age influence triathlon performance, a sport that combines three disciplines (swimming, cycling and running), with competitions commonly lasting between two (Short distance : 1.5 km swim, 40 km cycle and 10 km run) and eight hours (Ironman distance: 3.8 km swim, 180 km cycle and 42 km run) for elite triathletes. Age and sex influences upon performance have also been investigated for ultra-triathlons with distances corresponding to several Ironman distances and lasting several days, and for off-road triathlons combining swimming, mountain biking and trail running. Triathlon represents an intriguing alternative model for analyzing the effects of age and sex upon endurance and ultra-endurance (> 6 hours) performance because sex differences and age-related declines in performance can be analyzed in the same persons across the three separate disciplines. The relative participation of both females and masters athletes (age > 40 years old) in triathlon has increased consistently over the past 25 years. Sex differences in triathlon performance are also known to differ between the modes of locomotion adopted (swimming, cycling or running) for both elite and non-elite triathletes.Generally, time differences between sexes in swimming have been shown to be smaller on average than during cycling and running. Both physiological and morphological factors contribute to explaining these findings. Performance density (i.e. the time difference between the winner and 10 th placed competitor) has progressively improved (time differences have decreased) for international races over the past two decades for both males and females, with performance density now very similar for both sexes. For age-group triathletes, sex differences in total triathlon performance time increases with age. The possible difference in age-related changes in the physiological determinants of endurance and ultra-endurance performances between males and females needs further investigation however. Non-

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Age-Related Decline in Olympic Triathlon Performance: Effect of Locomotion Mode

Cited by 68 publications

References 30 publications

Age-related changes in conventional road versus off-road triathlon performance

Age-related changes in conventional road versus off-road triathlon performance

Age-related changes in 100-km ultra-marathon running performance

Trends in Triathlon Performance: Effects of Sex and Age

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