Age-Related Decline in Learning Deterministic Judgment-Based Sequences

Dang, Layla; Larson, Sylvia P; Gluck, Mark A.; Petok, Jessica R.

doi:10.1093/geronb/gby100

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…We used a novel version of the "Kilroy" sequence learning task (Shohamy et al, 2005;Nagy et al, 2007;Dang et al, 2020), adapted for the purpose of identifying temporal pattern recognition performance. Participants' objective in each trial was to navigate a cartoon character, Kilroy, through a series of 5 rooms, by choosing the correct door in each room out of three possible choices (Left, Center, Right; see Figure 1A).…”

Section: Experimental Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Facilitates Extraction of Temporal Regularities With Varying Timescales

Lerner

Gluck

2022

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Evidence suggests that memory consolidation is facilitated by sleep, both through the strengthening of existing memories and by extracting regularities embedded in those memories. We previously observed that one sleep stage, Slow-Wave sleep (SWS), is particularly involved in the extraction of temporal regularities. We suggested that this attribute can naturally stem from the time-compressed memory replay known to occur in the hippocampus during SWS. A prediction coming out of this “temporal scaffolding” hypothesis is that sleep would be especially influential on extraction of temporal regularities when the time gap between the events constituting the regularities is shortish. In this study, we tested this prediction. Eighty-three participants performed a cognitive task in which hidden temporal regularities of varying time gaps were embedded. Detecting these regularities could significantly improve performance. Participants performed the task in two sessions with an interval filled with either wake or sleep in between. We found that sleep improved performance across all time gaps and that the longer the gap had been, the smaller was the improvement across both sleep and wake. No interaction between sleep and gap size was observed; however, unlike sleeping participants, awake participants did not exhibit any further performance improvement for the long gaps following the interval. In addition, across all participants, performance for the long gaps was associated with the development of conscious awareness to the regularities. We discuss these results in light of the temporal scaffolding hypothesis and suggest future directions to further elucidate the mechanisms involved.

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Section: Experimental Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%