Age‐related cortical bone loss in women from a 3rd–4th century AD population from England

Mays, Simon

doi:10.1002/ajpa.20365

Cited by 62 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…The individuals observed did not show signs of other fractures. The few existing palaeopathological studies which documented hip fractures convey a true prevalence ranging from 0.6% (Ives, 2007) to 2.0% (Curate, 2009), and a crude prevalence ranging from 1.4% (Curate et al, 2010) to 6.3% (Mays, 2006). Intermediary values were reported by Curate et al (2010), for the true prevalence (Table 1); and Mensforth and Latimer (1989) and Curate (2009), for the crude prevalence (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A few years ago, Brickley (2002) stated that there were only two published cases of hip fracture in archaeologically derived bone, one from Roman Britain (Roberts and Manchester, 1995) and another from 12th dynasty Egypt (Dequeker et al, 1997), but evidence of fracture of the proximal femur in the archaeological record is growing (e.g. Stroud and Kemp, 1993;Bartonícek and Vlcek, 2001;Campillo, 2001;Ibáñez, 2001;Ferreira and Silva, 2002;Mays, 2006;Buzon and Richman, 2007;Salter-Pedersen, 2007;Ives, 2007;Curate et al, 2010). These studies imply that this was undeniably an existing condition in past populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hip fractures in the Portuguese archaeological record

Curate

Assis

Lopes

et al. 2011

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Fractures are ubiquitous in the archaeological record but the majority of these are the consequence of a traumatic incident and do not reflect any loss of strength inherent to the bone. So-called fragility fractures, particularly hip fractures, are considered uncommon occurrences in skeletal populations from the past. Nevertheless, evidence of this type of fracture in the archaeological record is increasing. A methodical search for possible hip fractures in the excavation reports, theses and monographs housed in the Department of Anthropology of the University of Coimbra presented an occasion to describe six hip fractures, previously unpublished, from different Portuguese archaeological sites and to challenge the widespread assumption that hip fractures were nearly non-existent in the past.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hip fractures in the Portuguese archaeological record

Curate

Assis

Lopes

et al. 2011

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“…This finding has implications for understanding the historical prevalence and etiology of osteoporosis in relation to reduced physical activity among modern populations (8,9,63). Studies of age-related changes in trabecular density or cortical bone relative thickness in Iron/Roman through early industrial European samples have produced mixed results, with some reporting less decline than in modern populations (64)(65)(66) and others finding no difference or even more negative trends in the earlier samples (67)(68)(69). The results of the present study suggest that only very vigorous exercise is a sufficient stimulus for increasing bone strength, as a possible protective mechanism for age-related bone loss (21,22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gradual decline in mobility with the adoption of food production in Europe

Ruff

Holt

Niskanen

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

144

149

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Increased sedentism during the Holocene has been proposed as a major cause of decreased skeletal robusticity (bone strength relative to body size) in modern humans. When and why declining mobility occurred has profound implications for reconstructing past population history and health, but it has proven difficult to characterize archaeologically. In this study we evaluate temporal trends in relative strength of the upper and lower limb bones in a sample of 1,842 individuals from across Europe extending from the Upper Paleolithic [11,000-33,000 calibrated years (Cal y) B.P.] through the 20th century. A large decline in anteroposterior bending strength of the femur and tibia occurs beginning in the Neolithic (∼4,000-7,000 Cal y B.P.) and continues through the Iron/Roman period (∼2,000 Cal y B.P.), with no subsequent directional change. Declines in mediolateral bending strength of the lower limb bones and strength of the humerus are much smaller and less consistent. Together these results strongly implicate declining mobility as the specific behavioral factor underlying these changes. Mobility levels first declined at the onset of food production, but the transition to a more sedentary lifestyle was gradual, extending through later agricultural intensification. This finding only partially supports models that tie increased sedentism to a relatively abrupt Neolithic Demographic Transition in Europe. The lack of subsequent change in relative bone strength indicates that increasing mechanization and urbanization had only relatively small effects on skeletal robusticity, suggesting that moderate changes in activity level are not sufficient stimuli for bone deposition or resorption. mobility | Europe | Neolithic | bone strength

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“…O steoporosis has been found among the oldest existing skeletons from ancient Egypt, the Middle East, and Europe [1,3,6,7]. However, a recognition and understanding of the condition likely began in the first half of the 19th Century, when, in 1833, the French pathologist, Jean Martin Lobstein described the condition as one with holes in the bone associated with fragility [4,5] and used two terms in his paper: ''osteoporose'' and ''osteopsathyrose'' (the latter with obscure meaning).…”

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confidence: 99%