Age-related changes of the cerebral ventricles of healthy domestic cats

Babicsak, Viviam Rocco; Klein, Adriana Vieira; Tsunemi, Miriam Harumi; Vulcano, Luiz Carlos

doi:10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5208

Cited by 4 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In fact, the animals involved in this work are all adult sheep of 18-24 months old. However, no indications about changes in the brain indexes in the sheep are available, but it is reasonable to argue that differences related to age groups can be found, as occur in humans and in animals such as cat [32] and dog [33]. Russel et al [5] reported changes in the sheep brain volume as increments between 3 and 5 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric study of the ventricular indexes in healthy ovine BRAIN using MRI

et al. 2022

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Background Sheep (Ovis aries) have been largely used as animal models in a multitude of specialties in biomedical research. The similarity to human brain anatomy in terms of brain size, skull features, and gyrification index, gives to ovine as a large animal model a better translational value than small animal models in neuroscience. Despite this evidence and the availability of advanced imaging techniques, morphometric brain studies are lacking. We herein present the morphometric ovine brain indexes and anatomical measures developed by two observers in a double-blinded study and validated via an intra- and inter-observer analysis. Results For this retrospective study, T1-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans were performed at 1.5 T on 15 sheep, under general anaesthesia. The animals were female Ovis aries, in the age of 18-24 months. Two observers assessed the scans, twice time each. The statistical analysis of intra-observer and inter-observer agreement was obtained via the Bland-Altman plot and Spearman rank correlation test. The results are as follows (mean ± Standard deviation): Indexes: Bifrontal 0,338 ± 0,032 cm; Bicaudate 0,080 ± 0,012 cm; Evans’ 0,218 ± 0,035 cm; Ventricular 0,241 ± 0,039 cm; Huckman 1693 ± 0,174 cm; Cella Media 0,096 ± 0,037 cm; Third ventricle ratio 0,040 ± 0,007 cm. Anatomical measures: Fourth ventricle length 0,295 ± 0,073 cm; Fourth ventricle width 0,344 ± 0,074 cm; Left lateral ventricle 4175 ± 0,275 cm; Right lateral ventricle 4182 ± 0,269 cm; Frontal horn length 1795 ± 0,303 cm; Interventricular foramen left 1794 ± 0,301 cm; Interventricular foramen right 1,78 ± 0,317 cm. Conclusions The present study provides baseline values of linear indexes of the ventricles in the ovine models. The acquisition of these data contributes to filling the knowledge void on important anatomical and morphological features of the sheep brain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric study of the ventricular indexes in healthy ovine BRAIN using MRI

et al. 2022

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“…This is in agreement with a previous publication, which found a positive correlation between advancing age and dilation of the temporal horns of the lateral ventricles, right lateral ventricle, and third ventricle in their population of cats but not between age and the presence of dilated olfactory recesses. 1 As discussed above, the olfactory recesses in the fetus are normally filled with CSF. In humans, they then regress progressively to be generally absent at the time of birth, 20,21 while in animals they progressively collapse and are empty of CSF contents in adult individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Furthermore, the intensity pattern of the dilated olfactory recesses was consistent with that of the remainder of the CSF-filled ventricular system, being markedly T2W hyperintense, T1W hypointense and suppressing on the FLAIR sequence in all patients. While one publication has described ipsilaterally reduced olfaction in one dog with hydrocephalus and unilateral olfactory recess dilatation, 1 this remains a single report and olfaction is in fact not routinely tested in small animals, due to the difficulty in evaluating this objectively, especially when olfaction is incomplete. 17 Furthermore, in the human literature, the presence of olfactory recess dilatation has not been found to be associated with any reduction in olfaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the authors’ experience, olfactory recess dilatation is occasionally seen as the only MRI feature in cats which are neurologically normal. In one previous report, eight out of thirty‐three neurologically normal adult cats demonstrated olfactory recess dilatation on MRI 1 . In the human literature, persistence of the olfactory recesses is a subject of debate and has been reported in between 5.5% and 59% of clinically and neurologically normal individuals 10,11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain is routinely performed to investigate suspected intracranial disease in cats. The ability to differentiate clinically significant ventriculomegaly from incidental ventricular enlargement remains an ongoing challenge in veterinary radiology 1–4 . Olfactory recess dilatation has been reported in both dogs and cats with developmental and acquired obstructive hydrocephalus 2,5–8 and in one cat with epilepsy 9 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and clinical correlations of olfactory recess dilatation in MRI studies of the feline brain

McGregor

Genain

Williams

et al. 2023

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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The ability to differentiate clinical ventriculomegaly from incidental ventricular enlargement remains a challenge in veterinary radiology. Dilatation of one or both olfactory lobe recesses is occasionally seen on MRI of the brain in otherwise normal cats. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the prevalence of this finding within a population of neurologically normal and neurologically abnormal cats, and to investigate associations with signalment, clinical and neurological examination findings, and MRI features. An observational retrospective cohort study was performed, and archived records were searched for cats that had undergone MRI of the head, including the olfactory lobes. Medical data and MRI parameters were recorded. One hundred fifty-one cats were included, with olfactory recess dilatation present in 56 cats. In 16 neurologically normal cats, olfactory recess dilatation was the only MRI finding. Olfactory recess dilatation was not associated with age, sex, breed, or with the presence of nasal disease. A significant association was found between generalized ventriculomegaly (P = 0.001) and the presence of CSF abnormalities (P = 0.036).Eleven percent of our cohort (16/151) demonstrated olfactory recess dilatation in the absence of other neurological or structural intracranial disease, suggesting that this may be seen as a normal variation in some cats.

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Anatomy of the brain of capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) using magnetic resonance imaging

da Silva Alves,

Vulcano,

Girotto

et al. 2024

Anat Histol Embryol

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Capybara is considered the largest living rodent and is widespread distributed in the South America and in the Brazilian territory. The purpose of this study was to provide the anatomical description of the brain in the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brains of ten normal capybaras were imaged and sectioned in the anatomical studies. MRI was acquired on 0.25 Tesla equipment, promoting good‐quality images capable to identify and classify the main anatomical structures of clinical interest. MRI reference images were validated by comparing them with gross anatomical sections. The capybara sulci and gyri were named for its similar location and orientation to those described in the previous descriptions in the capybara and in the domestic dog. Capybaras presented prominent cerebral sulcus and gyrus in relation to other caviomorph rodents, but in reduced number when compared to domestic animals and other wild mammals such as elephants and giraffes. The findings of this study indicate that the shape of the capybara brain is remarkably similar to that of the caviomorph rodents with a higher neocortilization. The capybara rhinencephalon was well‐developed implying a good sense of smell. Due to this development of the rhinencephalon, we can suggest that capybara brain is a macrosmatic brain. The MRI and gross anatomical sections of capybara brain may help veterinary researchers and clinicians increase the accuracy of brain MRI scans interpretation in these animals.

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Age-related changes of the cerebral ventricles of healthy domestic cats

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Morphometric study of the ventricular indexes in healthy ovine BRAIN using MRI

Morphometric study of the ventricular indexes in healthy ovine BRAIN using MRI

Prevalence and clinical correlations of olfactory recess dilatation in MRI studies of the feline brain

Anatomy of the brain of capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) using magnetic resonance imaging

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