Age-related changes in the vasculature of the dermis of the upper lip vermilion

Abstract

Lip redness is unique to humans and creates an important facial impression, but this redness decreases with age. Here, using histological and immunohistological staining of human upper lip vermilion from donors of different ages, we investigated blood vessels in the upper lip dermis and age-dependent histological changes. We found that both total vessel area in the dermis and vessel number in the upper dermis decreased with aging. Moreover, vessel number in the upper dermis correlated positively with development of rete ridges, which flattened with age, despite no significant change in the thickness of the stratified squamous epithelium. These findings suggest that age-related reductions in lip redness result from a decrease of blood vessels, which in turn leads to a flattening of the epithelium caused by the loss of rete ridges. This is the first study to histologically demonstrate age-related reductions in blood vessels in the lip. Our results provide an opportunity for enhancing blood flow/vascularization to improve the aesthetic appearance of the lips in the elderly.

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“…Depending on the specific context, they may be aimed at limiting the proliferative and invasive frequency of BCSCs. Although these cells are generally resistant to classical ER-targeted therapies, the data presented supports the idea that ER acts unconventionally in BCSCs, paving the way for the study of new GPR30 [48] or ERβ [28] inhibitors or drugs / peptides that specifically inhibit non-genomic action induced by ERs in BC [25,35]. Some of the main pathways operating in BCSC are shown in Figure 1.…”

“…Two isoforms of ER, ERα and ERβ, are expressed in BC [25][26][27][28], with ERα being the most important hormonal biomarker in this cancer. ERα is expressed in almost 75% of BC, and its presence correlates positively with the response to endocrine therapy [29].…”

“…Src / Ras / MAPKs, PI3K / Akt, filaminA / Rac). These actions control various processes, including proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of normal and cancer cells [25,58,61,62].…”

Ultrasound as Useful Tool for Evaluation Age-Related Changes and Pathological Lesions of the Face Skin

“…Results of the study by Gomi T. et al [25] testify to the general deterioration of blood vessels in the upper lip dermis during aging. The authors found that both the area and number of blood vessels in the upper lip dermis decreased with age [25].…”

“…Age-related changes are not only limited by structural elements of the entire skin dermis, including the face but also by the vessels located in it [24]. Results of the study by Gomi T. et al [25] testify to the general deterioration of blood vessels in the upper lip dermis during aging. The authors found that both the area and number of blood vessels in the upper lip dermis decreased with age [25].…”