Age-related changes in the testicular and antler cycles of reindeer, Rangifer tarandus

Leader‐Williams, Nigel

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0570117

Cited by 38 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Testosterone promotes rapid antler ossification accompanied by velvet death and shedding (reviewed in Goss 1983). This pattern of antler regulation by testosterone has also been demonstrated in male reindeer (Whitehead and McEwan 1973;Leader-Williams 1979;Stokkan et al 1980;Ryg 1984). In this study, increasing testosterone levels in male calves were temporally related to the cessation of antler growth and the rubbing of velvet.…”

Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 76%

Characteristics of first-antler growth in reindeer and their association with seasonal fluctuations in steroid and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels

Blake¹,

Rowell²,

Suttie³

1998

Can. J. Zool.

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Growth and development of the pedicles and first antlers were monitored in seven reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) calves (three males, four females) from birth to 1 year of age. Calves were weighed, blood was sampled, and antler observations and (or) measurements were taken on the day of birth and days 2, 4, and 7 and then at weekly intervals for the remainder of the year. Prior to measurable growth, the frontal lateral crest was carefully palpated for evidence of pedicle initiation, starting on the day of birth. Calves were born between April 8 and 26, 1994. Pedicle initiation occurred in all reindeer by day 7. Velvet skin first appeared when calves were 4-6 weeks old, when estimated pedicle height was 3.5 ± 0.9 cm (mean ± SD). Antler growth in both sexes followed a sigmoidal pattern, producing a mean antler length of 33.5 ± 4.2 and 46.7 ± 13.8 cm in females and males, respectively. Antler growth was complete by week 18 in females and week 21 in males. Velvet cleaning was associated with a significant increase in plasma testosterone levels in males and estradiol-17β (but not testosterone) levels in females. Insulin-like growth factor 1 levels were significantly higher in males than in females and were positively correlated with the period of most rapid antler growth in both sexes. Casting occurred between March 14 and April 17, when steroid levels were at a minimum, and was immediately followed by growth of the second antler.Résumé : La croissance et le développement du pédoncule et des premiers bois ont été suivis chez sept jeunes rennes (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) (trois mâles, quatre femelles) de la naissance à l'âge de 1 an. Les jeunes rennes ont été pesés, ils ont subi une prise de sang et les observations et (ou) mesures de leurs bois ont été relevées le jour de leur naissance, les jours 2, 4 et 7 après leur naissance, puis à intervalles de 1 semaine pendant le reste de l'année. Avant que la croissance ne soit mesurable, la crête latérale frontale a été palpée avec soin à partir du jour de la naissance, afin de constater très exactement à quel moment apparaît le pédoncule. Les jeunes sont nés entre le 8 et le 26 avril en 1994; la présence du pédoncule a été repérée moins de 7 jours après la naissance chez tous les jeunes. Le velours est apparu à l'âge de 4-6 semaines, au moment où la hauteur du pédoncule était de 3,5 ± 0,9 cm (moyenne ± écart type). La croissance des bois, aussi bien chez les femelles que chez les mâles, suivait un tracé sigmoïde aboutissant à des bois de longueur moyenne de 33,5 ± 4,2 cm chez les femelles et de 46,7 ± 13,8 cm chez les mâles. La croissance était terminée à l'âge de 18 semaines chez les femelles et à l'âge de 21 semaines chez les mâles. Le nettoyage du velours était associé à une augmentation significative de la testostérone plasmatique chez les mâles et de l'estradiol-17B (pas de la testostérone) chez les femelles. Les concentrations du facteur de croissance 1 (de type insuline) se sont avérées significativement plus élevées chez les mâles que chez les femelles et ét...

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Section: Figsupporting

confidence: 76%

Characteristics of first-antler growth in reindeer and their association with seasonal fluctuations in steroid and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels

Blake¹,

Rowell²,

Suttie³

1998

Can. J. Zool.

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“…The oldest bulls carry their fully grown antlers for 6e8 weeks and shed them in Novembere December, right after the rut. The younger the bulls the later the antlers are shed (Leader-Williams, 1979) and in the North American Rangifer tarandus caribou 1e2 year old bulls might shed their antlers as late as the end of April (Fuller and Keith, 1980). For the calves the antlers start to grow just a few days after birth and they are shed in MayeJune the following year at the same time as the cows shed theirs.…”

Section: Seasonal Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Scandinavian reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) after the last glacial maximum: time, seasonality and human exploitation

Aaris-Sørensen

Mühldorff

Petersen

2007

Journal of Archaeological Science

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“…In stags, the increase in body weight and the development of other secondary sexual characteristics, such as the antler cycle and increased musculature of the neck, have been attributed to the action of androgens. The Nelson (1963Nelson ( , 1965 (Leader-Williams, 1979).…”

Section: P Poliocephalusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal changes in testicular size, plasma testosterone concentration and body weight in captive flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus and P. scapulatus)

McGuckin

Blackshaw²

1991

Reproduction

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Age-related changes in the testicular and antler cycles of reindeer, Rangifer tarandus

Cited by 38 publications

References 18 publications

Characteristics of first-antler growth in reindeer and their association with seasonal fluctuations in steroid and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels

Characteristics of first-antler growth in reindeer and their association with seasonal fluctuations in steroid and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels

The Scandinavian reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) after the last glacial maximum: time, seasonality and human exploitation

Seasonal changes in testicular size, plasma testosterone concentration and body weight in captive flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus and P. scapulatus)

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