Age‐related changes in the localization of P2X (nucleotide) receptors in the rat adrenal gland

Afework, Mekbeb; Burnstock, Geoffrey

doi:10.1016/s0736-5748(00)00023-x

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…ATP, acting via P2Y 2 receptors, may influence the phenotypic expression of chromaffin cells into NA-or adrenaline-containing cells during early development and ageing. Age-related changes in the localisation of P2X receptors in the rat adrenal gland have also been reported [4].…”

Section: Purinergic Signalling In Development and Ageingmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…1c). mRNA for A 1 , A 2A , P2X1, P2X3, P2X4, P2X6, P2X7, P2Y 1 , P2Y 2 and P2Y 4 receptors was identified in corticotroph cells.…”

Section: Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1a). Transcripts for P2Y 1 , P2Y 4 , P2Y 6 and P2Y 12 , as well as P2Y 2 receptors, were identified in mixed anterior pituitary cells [217]. It was shown further that P2Y 1 receptors mediated the stimulatory actions of ADP (and ATP) for prolactin secretion and that of the P2X receptor subtypes previously recognised, the P2X4 receptors provided the major pathway for Ca 2+ influx-dependent signalling and prolactin secretion.…”

Section: Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1b). In a recent study, P2Y 1 and P2Y 4 receptors were shown to be expressed in the majority of gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs; P2Y 2 receptors were expressed in a small subpopulation of lactotrophs and almost all of the FSC; P2Y 6 receptors were expressed on macrophages; and P2Y 12 receptors were expressed on a small subpopulation of unidentified cells in the rat anterior pituitary [607]. P2X2 receptors were identified on corticotropinreleasing and thyrotropin-releasing hormone producing neurons [105].…”

Section: Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Purinergic signalling in endocrine organs

Burnstock

2013

Purinergic Signalling

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There is widespread involvement of purinergic signalling in endocrine biology. Pituitary cells express P1, P2X and P2Y receptor subtypes to mediate hormone release. Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) regulates insulin release in the pancreas and is involved in the secretion of thyroid hormones. ATP plays a major role in the synthesis, storage and release of catecholamines from the adrenal gland. In the ovary purinoceptors mediate gonadotrophin-induced progesterone secretion, while in the testes, both Sertoli and Leydig cells express purinoceptors that mediate secretion of oestradiol and testosterone, respectively. ATP released as a cotransmitter with noradrenaline is involved in activities of the pineal gland and in the neuroendocrine control of the thymus. In the hypothalamus, ATP and adenosine stimulate or modulate the release of luteinising hormone-releasing hormone, as well as arginine-vasopressin and oxytocin. Functionally active P2X and P2Y receptors have been identified on human placental syncytiotrophoblast cells and on neuroendocrine cells in the lung, skin, prostate and intestine. Adipocytes have been recognised recently to have endocrine function involving purinoceptors.

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Section: Purinergic Signalling In Development and Ageingmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…1c). mRNA for A 1 , A 2A , P2X1, P2X3, P2X4, P2X6, P2X7, P2Y 1 , P2Y 2 and P2Y 4 receptors was identified in corticotroph cells.…”

Section: Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Purinergic signalling in endocrine organs

Burnstock

2013

Purinergic Signalling

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“…Previous studies have shown that the action of ATP in other tissues generally declines with age and this is due to a differential change in the expression levels of the P2 receptors [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. A similar age-related decline in the responsiveness of the cochlea to ATP, and hence a reduction in its putative protective or adaptive influence, may have implications for the development of hearing loss from ageing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced P2x2 receptor-mediated regulation of endocochlear potential in the ageing mouse cochlea

Telang

Paramananthasivam

Vlajkovic

et al. 2010

Purinergic Signalling

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Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has profound effects on the cochlea, including an effect on the regulation of the endocochlear potential (EP). Noise-induced release of ATP into the endolymph activates a shunt conductance mediated by P2X 2 receptors in tissues lining the endolymphatic compartment, which reduces the EP and, consequentially, hearing sensitivity. This may be a mechanism of adaptation or protection from high sound levels. As inaction of such a process could contribute to hearing loss, this study examined whether the action of ATP on EP changes with age and noise exposure in the mouse. The EP and the endolymphatic compartment resistance (CoPR) were measured in mice (CBA/CaJ) aged between 3 and 15 months. The EP and CoPR declined slightly with age with an associated small, but significant, reduction in auditory brainstem response thresholds. ATP (100-1,000 μM) microinjected into the endolymphatic compartment caused a dosedependent decline in EP correlated to a similar decrease in CoPR. This was blocked by pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulfonate, consistent with a P2X 2 receptormediated shunt conductance. There was no substantial difference in the ATP response with age. Noise exposure (octave-band noise 80-100 decibels sound pressure level (dBSPL), 48 h) in young animals induced an upregulation of the P2X 2 receptor expression in the organ of Corti and spiral limbus, most noticeably with the 90-dB exposure. This did not occur in the aged animals except following exposure at 90 dBSPL. The EP response to ATP was muted in the noiseexposed aged animals except following the 90-dB exposure. These findings provide some evidence that the adaptive response of the cochlea to noise may be reduced in older animals, and it is speculated that this could increase their susceptibility to noise-induced injury.

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Confocal immunofluorescence study of rat aortic body chemoreceptors and associated neurons in situ and in vitro

Piskuric

Vollmer

Nurse

2011

J of Comparative Neurology

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Aortic bodies (ABs) are putative peripheral arterial chemoreceptors, distributed near the aortic arch. Though presumed to be analogous to the well-studied carotid bodies (CBs), their anatomical organization, innervation, and function are poorly understood. By using multilabel confocal immunofluorescence, we investigated the cellular organization, innervation, and neurochemistry of ABs in whole mounts of juvenile rat vagus and recurrent laryngeal (V-RL) nerves and in dissociated cell culture. Clusters of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-IR) glomus cells were routinely identified within these nerves. Unlike the CB, many neuronal cell bodies and processes, identified by peripherin (PR) and neurofilament/growth-associated protein (NF70/GAP-43) immunoreactivity, were closely associated with AB glomus clusters, especially near the V-RL bifurcation. Some neuronal cell bodies were immunopositive for P2X2 and P2X3 purinoceptor subunits, which were also found in nerve terminals surrounding glomus cells. Immunoreactivity against the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) was detected in local neurons, glomus cells, and apposed nerve terminals. Few neurons were immunopositive for TH or neuronal nitric oxide synthase. A similar pattern of purinoceptor immunoreactivity was observed in tissue sections of adult rat V-RL nerves, except that glomus cells were weakly P2X3-IR. Dissociated monolayer cultures of juvenile rat V-RL nerves yielded TH-IR glomus clusters in intimate association with PR- or NF70/GAP-43-IR neurons and their processes, and glial fibrillary acidic protein-IR type II (sustentacular) cells. Cocultures survived for several days, wherein neurons expressed voltage-activated ionic currents and generated action potentials. Thus, this coculture model is attractive for investigating the role of glomus cells and local neurons in AB function.

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Age‐related changes in the localization of P2X (nucleotide) receptors in the rat adrenal gland

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Purinergic signalling in endocrine organs

Purinergic signalling in endocrine organs

Reduced P2x2 receptor-mediated regulation of endocochlear potential in the ageing mouse cochlea

Confocal immunofluorescence study of rat aortic body chemoreceptors and associated neurons in situ and in vitro

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