Age-related brain volume reductions in amphetamine and cocaine addicts and normal controls: implications for addiction research

Bartzokis, George; Beckson, Mace; Lu, Po H.; Edwards, Nancy; Rapoport, R.; Wiseman, Eve J.; Bridge, Peter

doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(99)00052-9

Cited by 132 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A potential explanation for this discrepancy is that long‐term substance use result in long‐lasting neuroplastic changes and toxicity [Kovacic, 2005; Reissner and Kalivas, 2010] that may contribute to the perseveration of drug‐seeking behavior [Gass and Olive, 2008]. Such neurotoxicity may certainly contribute to the widespread atrophy observed in substance addictions [Bartzokis et al, 2000; Carlen et al, 1978; Mechtcheriakov et al, 2007]. Such drug‐related neurotoxicity is likely a highly relevant issue in SUD but less of an issue in behavioral addictions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compulsive sexual behavior: Prefrontal and limbic volume and interactions

Schmidt

Morris

Kvamme

et al. 2016

Human Brain Mapping

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundCompulsive sexual behaviors (CSB) are relatively common and associated with significant personal and social dysfunction. The underlying neurobiology is still poorly understood. The present study examines brain volumes and resting state functional connectivity in CSB compared with matched healthy volunteers (HV).MethodsStructural MRI (MPRAGE) data were collected in 92 subjects (23 CSB males and 69 age‐matched male HV) and analyzed using voxel‐based morphometry. Resting state functional MRI data using multi‐echo planar sequence and independent components analysis (ME‐ICA) were collected in 68 subjects (23 CSB subjects and 45 age‐matched HV).ResultsCSB subjects showed greater left amygdala gray matter volumes (small volume corrected, Bonferroni adjusted P < 0.01) and reduced resting state functional connectivity between the left amygdala seed and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (whole brain, cluster corrected FWE P < 0.05) compared with HV.ConclusionsCSB is associated with elevated volumes in limbic regions relevant to motivational salience and emotion processing, and impaired functional connectivity between prefrontal control regulatory and limbic regions. Future studies should aim to assess longitudinal measures to investigate whether these findings are risk factors that predate the onset of the behaviors or are consequences of the behaviors. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1182–1190, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compulsive sexual behavior: Prefrontal and limbic volume and interactions

Schmidt

Morris

Kvamme

et al. 2016

Human Brain Mapping

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The formulated hypothesis of a negative relationship between lateral ventricle and euphoric response was based on the results reported by Morgan et al (1993). Negative associations were also hypothesized between frontal cortex CSF and ratings of "high" based on studies by Liu et al (1998), Pfefferbaum et al (1998), and Bartzokis et al (2000); therefore, all the reported results (p-value) are onetailed. One-way analysis of variance was performed to compare CSF volumes between CD patients and a control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rates are highest among the young (17% for ages 18-29), considerably less in middle age (4% for ages 30-59), and virtually non-existent in those over 60 (Miller 1991). While such figures may represent the "wisdom" commonly associated with aging, they may also reflect age-related brain changes (Bartzokis et al 2000;Coffey et al 1992;Gottfries et al 1983;Jernigan et al 1990;Lepage et al 1985;Lim et al 1992;Matsumae et al 1996;Pfefferbaum et al 1994;Raz et al 1998;Sullivan et al 1995;Wahlund et al 1990;Wang et al 1996), which alter the balance between the addicting versus the aversive effects of cocaine by diminishing the euphoric experience of drug intoxication. Consequently, the tendency to develop a dependence syndrome decreases and the capacity to discontinue use increases (Miller 1991;Cook and Harrell 1987;Facy et al 1991;Bartzokis et al 1999b,c).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased CSF Volumes Are Associated with Diminished Subjective Responses to Cocaine Infusion

Bartzokis

Beckson

et al. 2000

Neuropsychopharmacology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We evaluated the hypothesis that ventricular and cortical CSF volume increases are associated with reductions in the magnitude of euphoric effects produced by intravenous IV cocaine infusion in cocaine dependent (CD) individuals. Eleven CD patients participating in a cocaine-infusion study and eleven control subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Two CSF regions of interest (lateral ventricles and frontal cortex CSF) and two comparison regions (third ventricle and posterior cortex CSF) were measured. Self-reported ratings of the intensity of euphoric response ("high") were obtained from the CD subjects at 3, 10, and 30 minutes after IV administration of cocaine. A significant negative correlation was observed between the volume of the lateral ventricles and subjective ratings of the "high" experienced at 3 minutes, but not at 10 The relationship between brain variables and subjective effects of cocaine has not been extensively studied. Morgan et al. (1993), using non-contrast computerized tomography (CT), examined the association between ventricular brain ratio (VBR) and intensity of response to the effects of 40 mg of intravenous cocaine. They obtained subjective ratings of drug effect every minute for 30 minutes after the cocaine injection and observed a significant negative correlation (r ϭ Ϫ .53, p ϭ .02) between VBR and the average rating of drug response over the first 10 minute interval but no relationship over the last two 10 minute intervals (r ϭ Ϫ .22 and r ϭ (Morgan et al. 1993). This suggested that subjects with larger ventricles had reduced sensitivity to cocaine's immediate euphoric effects.As part of a recent study investigating the possible attenuating effects of selegiline on cocaine-induced euphoria and brain metabolism (Bartzokis et al. 1999a), non-treatment seeking "crack" cocaine smokers were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain in order to identify patients with enlarged ventricles who may be less responsive to IV cocaine's euphoric effects. The total volume of the lateral ventricles was measured in order to evaluate the magnitude of the negative association between this volume measure and the experience of euphoria ("high") associated with cocaine infusion. The volume of the third ventricle was also measured in order to assess whether this structure/function association was specific to the lateral ventricles or a phenomenon associated with generalized ventriculomegaly.In addition, the volume of the supracortical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the frontal region of the cerebral cortex was measured in order to indirectly assess whether reduced frontal cortex gray matter observed in the polysubstance dependent (Liu et al. 1998) and alcohol dependent (Pfefferbaum et al. 1998) populations is also associated with a diminished intensity of cocaine infusion-induced euphoria. As with the ventricular volumes, we hypothesized that the volume of CSF in this cortical region will also correlate negatively to the cocaine infusion-associated experience of euphoria...

show abstract

“…An early MRI study of T1 and T2 relaxation times found no differences between cocaine users and controls in several GM and WM regions (Amass et al, 1992). In a volumetric study, Bartzokis et al (2000) observed a significant temporal lobe GM volume decrement in cocaine users compared to controls as well as a negative correlation between volume and age among abstinent cocaine dependent subjects, suggesting that cocaine alters brain maturation. Bartzokis et al (2002) also demonstrated alterations in WM, specifically showing that cocaine use was associated with an interruption in the normal expansion of frontal WM with age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Brain macrostructural and microstructural abnormalities in cocaine dependence

Lim

Wozniak

Mueller

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

143

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rationale-Two previous studies have utilized Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) to examine microstructural integrity in cocaine abuse and found evidence of brain abnormalities in white matter.Objective-Using anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), DTI, and clinical evaluation, the macrostructural and microstructural correlates of cocaine abuse were investigated.Methods-21 men and women (mean age 42.5, mean 18.9 years of cocaine use) and 21 age/gendermatched controls were included. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was measured in frontal white matter ROIs. Gray and white matter volumes in superior and inferior frontal regions were compared.Results-DTI data revealed that cocaine users had lower FA than controls, specifically in inferior frontal white matter. FA differences were not seen in other areas. Significant volumetric differences were not seen, but both grey and white matter inferior frontal volumes trended toward smaller in the cocaine group. The data suggested that duration of use was associated with decreased grey and white matter volumes. FA and grey matter volume were correlated in cocaine users.Conclusions-Both macrostructural and microstructural abnormalities were seen in a group of cocaine abusers. Length of cocaine use was associated with severity of the brain abnormalities. Future studies of white matter tissue integrity are warranted including examination of the relationship between DTI measures and traditional volumetric measures.

show abstract

Age-related brain volume reductions in amphetamine and cocaine addicts and normal controls: implications for addiction research

Cited by 132 publications

References 30 publications

Compulsive sexual behavior: Prefrontal and limbic volume and interactions

Compulsive sexual behavior: Prefrontal and limbic volume and interactions

Increased CSF Volumes Are Associated with Diminished Subjective Responses to Cocaine Infusion

Brain macrostructural and microstructural abnormalities in cocaine dependence

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About