Age-related attenuation of the evening circadian arousal signal in humans

Münch, Mirjam; Knoblauch, Vera; Blatter, Katharina; Schröder, Carmen; Schnitzler, Corina; Kräuchi, Kurt; Wirz‐Justice, Anna; Cajochen, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.03.004

Cited by 130 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…In both women and men, SE, SOL, ROL, TST, stage 1 sleep, stage 2 sleep, SWS, REM sleep, and/or NREM sleep significantly varied with time of day, as previously reported for a subset of participants (13)(14)(15) and with others who used imposed experimental non-24-h sleep-wake cycle procedures to desynchronize the sleep-wake and circadian cycles (16,17). The greatest and lowest sleep propensity occurred near the trough and crest of the CBT rhythm, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Interestingly, the phase advance of sleep propensity rhythms in women vs. men is reminiscent of findings from a study that also used a USW procedure to compare circadian sleep rhythms in old and young participants (17). Therefore, because young adult women are already demonstrating a circadian variation of sleep propensity that is advanced in a way similar to that of older adults, the diurnal variation of sleep in women may become worsened with age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Diurnal and circadian variation of sleep and alertness in men vs. naturally cycling women

Boivin

Shechter

Boudreau

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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This study quantifies sex differences in the diurnal and circadian variation of sleep and waking while controlling for menstrual cycle phase and hormonal contraceptive use. We compared the diurnal and circadian variation of sleep and alertness of 8 women studied during two phases of the menstrual cycle and 3 women studied during their midfollicular phase with that of 15 men. Participants underwent an ultradian sleep-wake cycle (USW) procedure consisting of 36 cycles of 60-min wake episodes alternating with 60-min nap opportunities. Core body temperature (CBT), salivary melatonin, subjective alertness, and polysomnographically recorded sleep were measured throughout this procedure. All analyzed measures showed a significant diurnal and circadian variation throughout the USW procedure. Compared with men, women demonstrated a significant phase advance of the CBT but not melatonin rhythms, as well as an advance in the diurnal and circadian variation of sleep measures and subjective alertness. Furthermore, women experienced an increased amplitude of the diurnal and circadian variation of alertness, mainly due to a larger decline in the nocturnal nadir. Our results indicate that women are likely initiating sleep at a later circadian phase than men, which may be one factor contributing to the increased susceptibility to sleep disturbances reported in women. Lower nighttime alertness is also observed, suggesting a physiological basis for a greater susceptibility to maladaptation to night shift work in women.sex difference | circadian variation of sleep | circadian variation of alertness | core body temperature | melatonin A meta-analysis has indicated an overall increased risk ratio of 1.41 in women vs. men for experiencing insomnia, and this risk ratio increases to 1.64 when considering high-quality studies with rigorous methodology (1). The etiology of sex-based differences in vulnerability to sleep disturbances remains to be fully elucidated, but evidence points to a role for sex-based differences in sleep, its timing, and circadian rhythms as potential contributors (2).There is sufficient evidence to support a role for circadian factors in the pathophysiology of chronic insomnia, as the timing of sleep relative to the endogenous circadian system can substantially affect sleep initiation and maintenance (3). Interestingly, morphological differences, as well as variations in circulating hormones and their receptors, have been reported between sexes and can affect circadian physiology. For example, the localization of sex steroid receptors to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and a sex difference in the expression of androgen and estrogen receptors there indicate a direct and differential role of specific gonadal steroid hormones in the circadian system (4). Moreover, a sexual dimorphism in structure and sex steroid receptor expression also exists in efferent targets of the SCN, including the preoptic area of the hypothalamus, which is known to influence sleep (4). In a recent postmortem brain study, the circadian vari...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Diurnal and circadian variation of sleep and alertness in men vs. naturally cycling women

Boivin

Shechter

Boudreau

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…However, changes in circadian parameters with aging are less consistent than age-related changes of sleep parameters, and SWS in particular. Thus, some (Czeisler et al, 1992;Münch et al, 2005;Van Coevorden et al, 1991;Weitzman et al, 1982), but not all, studies report a decline in the amplitude of CBT, melatonin, and cortisol (Monk, 2005;Niggemyer et al, 2004;Zeitzer et al, 1999). The disparity of these findings points to rather large interindividual differences in sleep and circadian rhythmicity with age and leaves the question open as to what is driving these individual differences (Van Cauter et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interindividual differences in circadian rhythmicity and sleep homeostasis in older people: effect of a PER3 polymorphism

Viola

Chellappa

Archer

et al. 2012

Neurobiology of Aging

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Aging is associated with marked changes in the timing, consolidation and structure of sleep. Older people wake up frequently, get up earlier and have less slow wave sleep than young people, although the extent of these age-related changes differs considerably between individuals. Interindividual differences in homeostatic sleep regulation in young volunteers are associated with the variable-number, tandem-repeat (VNTR) polymorphism (rs57875989) in the coding region of the circadian clock gene PERIOD3 (PER3). However, predictors of these interindividual differences have yet to be identified in older people. Sleep electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics and circadian rhythms were assessed in 26 healthy older volunteers (55-75 years) selected on the basis of homozygosity for either the long or short allele of the PER3 polymorphism. Homozygosity for the longer allele (PER3 5/5 ) associated with a phase-advance in the circadian melatonin profile and an earlier occurrence of the melatonin peak within the sleep episode. Furthermore, older PER3 5/5 participants accumulated more nocturnal wakefulness, had increased EEG frontal delta activity (0.75-1.50 Hz), and decreased EEG frontal sigma activity (11-13 Hz) during non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep compared with PER3 4/4 participants. Our results indicate that the polymorphism in the clock gene PER3 may contribute to interindividual differences in sleep and circadian physiology in older people.

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“…However, sundowning is unlikely to be limited to abnormalities in the SCN itself, because other histochemical observations (Miller et al, 2005) and in vitro molecular studies of rhythmicity (Yamazaki et al, 2002) in the SCN have revealed no age-related changes. At the behavioral level, evidence indicates declines in function with aging both in the loss of responsiveness to light signals in animals (Turek et al, 1995) and in late afternoon/early evening sleepiness in normal human volunteers (Munch et al, 2005). Munch et al, (2005) inferred age-related changes in the evening oscillator.…”

Section: Circadian Variations In Magnitude Of Deficitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the behavioral level, evidence indicates declines in function with aging both in the loss of responsiveness to light signals in animals (Turek et al, 1995) and in late afternoon/early evening sleepiness in normal human volunteers (Munch et al, 2005). Munch et al, (2005) inferred age-related changes in the evening oscillator. The evening oscillator, which tracks the change from the daily period of high light intensity toward darkness, depends on the relative activities of two clock genes (Steinlechner et al, 2002;Weinert et al, 2005), and is altered in senile mice (Weinert and Weinert, 2003).…”

Section: Circadian Variations In Magnitude Of Deficitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse model of diffuse brain damage following anoxia, evaluated by a new assay of generalized arousal

Arrieta‐Cruz¹,

Pfaff²,

Shelley³

2007

Experimental Neurology

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Diffuse brain damage following anoxia due to cardiac failure, drowning, carbon monoxide exposure or other accidents constitutes a major medical problem. We have created a novel mouse model using the breathing of pure nitrogen, followed by a recently developed assay that reflects an operational definition of generalized arousal. The operational definition is precise, complete, and leads to quantitative, physical measures in a genetically tractable animal. Exposure to pure nitrogen for controlled periods had a surprising bifurcate effect: about half the mice survived with neurological measures that were virtually normal while the other half died. The new assay detected behavioral deficits unrevealed by neurological screening. Two important features of the results were that (i) deficits were not equal across the circadian cycle, and (ii) deficits were not equal across all the measures within the operational definition of arousal. Specific voluntary motor measurements were decreased in a manner that depended on the phase of the circadian cycle. Sensory responses were also decreased, with an emphasis on vertical movement responses; but, interestingly, fear learning was not damaged. This study establishes the first useful approach to diffuse brain damage in a genetically tractable animal. The model and its outcome measurements will be useful during future attempts at amelioration of acquired neurological disabilities following hypoxic-ischemic injuries.

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Age-related attenuation of the evening circadian arousal signal in humans

Cited by 130 publications

References 69 publications

Diurnal and circadian variation of sleep and alertness in men vs. naturally cycling women

Diurnal and circadian variation of sleep and alertness in men vs. naturally cycling women

Interindividual differences in circadian rhythmicity and sleep homeostasis in older people: effect of a PER3 polymorphism

Mouse model of diffuse brain damage following anoxia, evaluated by a new assay of generalized arousal

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