Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Stroke Mortality Attributable to High Sodium Intake in China and Japan

Cao, Jinhong; Eshak, Ehab S.; Liu, Keyang; Gero, Krisztina; Liu, Zhiming; Yu, Chuanhua

doi:10.1161/strokeaha.118.024617

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Also, they tended to have lower consumption of fruit than young people because of the need to control blood glucose (He et al, 2016). In addition, our study indicated that the stroke mortality due to low fruit intake in the 80-84 age group was lower than that in the 75-79 age group, which was consistent with previous studies (Wang Z. et al, 2017;Cao et al, 2019). According to the GBD data, we found that the PAF of low fruit intake decreased with age, and the 80-84 age group had the lowest value, as this age group had the lowest consumption of fruits (GBD Collaborators, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Many previous studies confirmed that age was an independent and important risk factor for stroke, and the death and disability caused by stroke varied across different age groups (Wang J. et al, 2017;Cao et al, 2019). In the present study, we can see that the stroke mortality attributable to low fruit intake increased with advancing age; the elder groups suffered higher mortality risks, which were consistent with the age trends of stroke mortality (Zhou et al, 2016;Li et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The original data for estimating low fruit intake in China were collected from China chronic disease and risk factor surveillance, fresh foods market statistics, China National Nutrition Survey, and other scientific literatures (GBD Collaborators, 2017). Data source on stroke mortality included Cause of Death Reporting System of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Disease Surveillance Points, and Maternal and Child Surveillance System, which covered at least 323.8 million population in China (Wang Z. et al, 2017;GBD 2017 Disease andInjury Incidence andPrevalence Collaborators, 2018;Cao et al, 2019). The reliability and representativeness of China part in GBD 2017 have been officially recognized, and many researches using the data have been published by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in the Lancet (Zhou et al, 2019).…”

Section: Data Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

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Stroke Mortality Attributable to Low Fruit Intake in China: A Joinpoint and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis

Luo

Jiang

et al. 2020

Front. Neurosci.

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Stroke is the first leading cause of death in China, and low fruit intake is suggested to be one of the most important risk factors for stroke mortality. However, the trends of stroke mortality attributable to low fruit intake remain unclear in China. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the long-term trends of stroke mortality attributable to low fruit intake by sex in China during 1990–2017. Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study; the annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were estimated by joinpoint regression analysis, and the net age, period, and cohort effects were estimated using the age–period–cohort model with an intrinsic estimator algorithm (APC-IE). The crude mortality rates (CMRs) increased for males and decreased for females from 1990 to 2017. The age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) for both males and females showed consecutive significant declines from 1990 to 2017. By APC analysis, substantially increasing age effects were presented from 25 to 79 years for both sexes. The independent period and cohort effects progressively decreased during the entire period for both sexes, with a faster decrease for females than for males. Males and elder groups were the high-risk population for stroke mortality caused by low fruit intake. Although the mortality risk showed a decreasing trend, the fruit intake was still low for the Chinese population. Therefore, effective strategies and global awareness are essential to improve the current situation of low fruit intake, thereby preventing and reducing the stroke mortality risk caused by low fruit intake in China.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Data Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

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Stroke Mortality Attributable to Low Fruit Intake in China: A Joinpoint and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis

Luo

Jiang

et al. 2020

Front. Neurosci.

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“…Stroke has been the leading cause of adult morbidity and mortality worldwide and in China over the past several years, whether on an ischemic or hemorrhagic base ( Rosamond et al, 2008 ; Wang et al, 2017 ; Cao et al, 2019 ). Ischemic stroke accounts for the largest proportion, about 75–80% of all strokes ( Xu et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing With Combined Use of Bulk RNA Sequencing to Reveal Cell Heterogeneity and Molecular Changes at Acute Stage of Ischemic Stroke in Mouse Cortex Penumbra Area

Guo

Luo²,

Feng

et al. 2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Stroke has been the leading cause of adult morbidity and mortality over the past several years. After an ischemic stroke attack, many dormant or reversibly injured brain cells exist in the penumbra area. However, the pathological processes and unique cell information in the penumbra area of an acute ischemic stroke remain elusive. We applied unbiased single cell sequencing in combination with bulk RNA-seq analysis to investigate the heterogeneity of each cell type in the early stages of ischemic stroke and to detect early possible therapeutic targets to help cell survival. We used these analyses to study the mouse brain penumbra during this phase. Our results reveal the impact of ischemic stroke on specific genes and pathways of different cell types and the alterations of cell differentiation trajectories, suggesting potential pathological mechanisms and therapeutic targets. In addition to classical gene markers, single-cell genomics demonstrates unique information on subclusters of several cell types and metabolism changes in an ischemic stroke. These findings suggest that Gadd45b in microglia, Cyr61 in astrocytes, and Sgk3 in oligodendrocytes may play a subcluster-specific role in cell death or survival in the early stages of ischemic stroke. Moreover, RNA-scope multiplex in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence staining were applied to selected target gene markers to validate and confirm the existence of these cell subtypes and molecular changes during acute stage of ischemic stroke.

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“…Reports in the literature suggest that N562Y mutations are more prevalent in Korea and Japan; the N562Y mutation is found in 63.1% of amoxicillin‐resistant strains from Japan and Korea 37‐40,72 and in 14.3% of amoxicillin‐resistant strains from Europe and the Americas 36,41,73 . Given that diets in Korea and Japan contain a higher salt content 74,75 than in the west, 76,77 it is tempting to speculate that the local diet selects for mutations, like PBP1 N562Y, that result in an increased likelihood of surviving the high osmotic stress conditions imposed by the dietary salt. In this scenario, appearance of the N562Y mutation may be driven by osmotic stress and not by the need to escape exposure to amoxicillin; however, the N562Y mutation also results in resistance to this antibiotic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of fitness costs associated with metronidazole and amoxicillin resistance in Helicobacter pylori

Windham

Merrell

2020

Helicobacter

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Background Increasing rates of antibiotic resistance are a major concern for all pathogens, including H. pylori. However, increased resistance often coincides with a decrease in relative fitness of the pathogen in the absence of the antibiotic, raising the possibility that increased resistance can be mitigated for some antibiotics by improved antibiotic husbandry. Therefore, a greater understanding of which types of antibiotic resistance create fitness defects in H. pylori may aid rational treatment strategies. Materials and Methods While a wealth of H. pylori literature reports mutations that correlate with increased resistance, few studies demonstrate causation for these same mutations. Herein, we examined fitness costs associated with metronidazole and amoxicillin resistance. Isogenic strains bearing literature reported point mutations in the rdxA and pbp1 genes were engineered and tested in in vitro competition assays to assess relative fitness. Results None of the metronidazole resistance mutations resulted in a fitness cost under the tested conditions. In contrast, amoxicillin‐resistant mutant strains demonstrated a defect in competition by 24 hours. This change in fitness was further enhanced by moderate osmotic stress. However, under extreme osmotic stress, the amoxicillin‐resistant N562Y PBP1 mutant strain showed enhanced fitness, suggesting that there are some pbp1 mutations that can give a conditional fitness advantage. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the role of specific point mutations in rdxA and pbp1 in antibiotic resistance and suggest that amoxicillin‐resistant strains of H. pylori show environmentally dictated changes in fitness. These later finding may be responsible for the relatively low rates of amoxicillin resistance seen in the United States.

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Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Stroke Mortality Attributable to High Sodium Intake in China and Japan

Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Cited by 47 publications

References 46 publications

Stroke Mortality Attributable to Low Fruit Intake in China: A Joinpoint and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis

Stroke Mortality Attributable to Low Fruit Intake in China: A Joinpoint and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing With Combined Use of Bulk RNA Sequencing to Reveal Cell Heterogeneity and Molecular Changes at Acute Stage of Ischemic Stroke in Mouse Cortex Penumbra Area

Analysis of fitness costs associated with metronidazole and amoxicillin resistance in Helicobacter pylori

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