Age, Origin and Significance of the Raised Gravel Barrier at Church Bay, Rathlin Island, County Antrim

Carter, R. W. G.

doi:10.1080/00750779309478707

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…(), Butomo (), Bøe et al . (), Böse (), Cadman (), Carter (), Caseldine & Edwards (), Catt (), Cepek (), Cherdyntsev et al . (), Cimiotti (), Clark et al .…”

Section: References For Dated‐1 Databaseunclassified

The last Eurasian ice sheets – a chronological database and time‐slice reconstruction, DATED‐1

Hughes

Gyllencreutz

Lohne

et al. 2015

Boreas

844

888

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We present a new time-slice reconstruction of the Eurasian ice sheets (British-Irish, Svalbard-Barents-Kara Seas and Scandinavian) documenting the spatial evolution of these interconnected ice sheets every 1000 years from 25 to 10 ka, and at four selected time periods back to 40 ka. The time-slice maps of ice-sheet extent are based on a new Geographical Information System (GIS) database, where we have collected published numerical dates constraining the timing of ice-sheet advance and retreat, and additionally geomorphological and geological evidence contained within the existing literature. We integrate all uncertainty estimates into three ice-margin lines for each time-slice; a most-credible line, derived from our assessment of all available evidence, with bounding maximum and minimum limits allowed by existing data. This approach was motivated by the demands of glaciological, isostatic and climate modelling and to clearly display limitations in knowledge. The timing of advance and retreat were both remarkably spatially variable across the ice-sheet area. According to our compilation the westernmost limit along the British-Irish and Norwegian continental shelf was reached up to 7000 years earlier (at c. 27-26 ka) than the eastern limit on the Russian Plain (at c. 20-19 ka). The Eurasian ice sheet complex as a whole attained its maximum extent (5.5 Mkm 2 ) and volume (~24 m Sea Level Equivalent) at c. 21 ka. Our continentalscale approach highlights instances of conflicting evidence and gaps in the ice-sheet chronology where uncertainties remain large and should be a focus for future research. Largest uncertainties coincide with locations presently below sea level and where contradicting evidence exists. This first version of the database and time-slices (DATED-1) has a census date of 1 January 2013 and both are available to download via the Bjerknes Climate Data Centre and PANGAEA (www.bcdc.no;

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“…(), Butomo (), Bøe et al . (), Böse (), Cadman (), Carter (), Caseldine & Edwards (), Catt (), Cepek (), Cherdyntsev et al . (), Cimiotti (), Clark et al .…”

Section: References For Dated‐1 Databaseunclassified

The last Eurasian ice sheets – a chronological database and time‐slice reconstruction, DATED‐1

Hughes

Gyllencreutz

Lohne

et al. 2015

Boreas

844

888

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“…2014). The Irish Ice Sheet also became separate at this time; the most pertinent site for limiting this is the radiocarbon ages on Rathlin Island (Carter 1993). Given the lackof dating from central Ireland, a large ice cap is still possible, with the margin constrained only by ages in County Clare (T5BH), the Ox Mountains (Clark et al 2009), Donegal (Ballantyne et al 2007) and radiocarbon ages from Lough Nadourcan (Watson et al 2010).…”

Section: Empirical Reconstruction Of Ice-sheet Extentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and retreat of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet, 31 000 to 15 000 years ago: the BRITICE‐CHRONO reconstruction

Clark

Ely

Hindmarsh

et al. 2022

Boreas

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The BRITICE‐CHRONO consortium of researchers undertook a dating programme to constrain the timing of advance, maximum extent and retreat of the British–Irish Ice Sheet between 31 000 and 15 000 years before present. The dating campaign across Ireland and Britain and their continental shelves, and across the North Sea included 1500 days of field investigation yielding 18 000 km of marine geophysical data, 377 cores of sea floor sediments, and geomorphological and stratigraphical information at 121 sites on land; generating 690 new geochronometric ages. These findings are reported in 28 publications including synthesis into eight transect reconstructions. Here we build ice sheet‐wide reconstructions consistent with these findings and using retreat patterns and dates for the inter‐transect areas. Two reconstructions are presented, a wholly empirical version and a version that combines modelling with the new empirical evidence. Palaeoglaciological maps of ice extent, thickness, velocity, and flow geometry at thousand‐year timesteps are presented. The maximum ice volume of 1.8 m sea level equivalent occurred at 23 ka. A larger extent than previously defined is found and widespread advance of ice to the continental shelf break is confirmed during the last glacial. Asynchrony occurred in the timing of maximum extent and onset of retreat, ranging from 30 to 22 ka. The tipping point of deglaciation at 22 ka was triggered by ice stream retreat and saddle collapses. Analysis of retreat rates leads us to accept our hypothesis that the marine‐influenced sectors collapsed rapidly. First order controls on ice‐sheet demise were glacio‐isostatic loading triggering retreat of marine sectors, aided by glaciological instabilities and then climate warming finished off the smaller, terrestrial ice sheet. Overprinted on this signal were second order controls arising from variations in trough topographies and with sector‐scale ice geometric readjustments arising from dispositions in the geography of the landscape. These second order controls produced a stepped deglaciation. The retreat of the British–Irish Ice Sheet is now the world’s most well‐constrained and a valuable data‐rich environment for improving ice‐sheet modelling.

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“…Red line is derived from the new ice model of Bradley et al (2011), based on the optimum earth model inferred in Bradley et al (2009). 1) Raised beach notches bordering the Mourne Plain near Annalong (McCabe, 1986); 2) Low-stand recorded by supposed subaerial channels (troughs) between Derryoge and Kilkeel ; 3) Dated glaciomarine muds at Kilkeel Steps 4) Dated marine muds at Cooley Point and Port (McCabe and Haynes, 1996;McCabe et al, 2007b); 5) Readvance to Clogher Head (McCabe et al, 2007b);6) Dated marine mud at Cranfield Point and reported intertidal boulder pavement at Cooley Point ; 7) Readvance to Killard Point limits; 8) Drapes of dated red marine mud on subglacial bedforms and formation of late-glacial raised shoreline on Rough Island, Strandford Lough (McCabe et al, 2005); 9) Creation of gravel barrier on Rathin Island (Carter, 1993); 10) Submerged beach and intertidal sands, Belfast Lough . Figure 6.…”

Section: Acknowledgementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review and re-investigation of the Pleistocene deposits between Cranfield Point and Kilkeel, Northern Ireland: Implications for regional sea-level models and glacial reconstructions of the northern Irish Sea basin

Merritt

Roberson

Cooper

2018

Proceedings of the Geologists' Association

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The coastline of County Down includes sites that are pivotal to understanding the history of the last glaciation of the northern Irish Sea Basin in relation to relative sea level and regional glacial readvances. The cliff sections display evidence that has been used to underpin controversial models of glaciomarine sedimentation in isostatically-depressed basins followed by emergent marine and littoral environments. They also provide crucial evidence claimed to constrain millennialscale ice sheet oscillations associated with uniquely large and rapid sea-level fluctuations. This paper reviews previous work and reports new findings that generally supports the 'terresrrial' model of glaciation, involving subglacial accretion and deformation of sediment beneath grounded ice. Deep troughs were incised into the till sheet during a post Late Glacial Maximum draw-down of ice into the Irish Sea 2 Basin. Ice retreat was accompanied by glaciomarine accretion of mud in the troughs during a period of high relative sea level. The trough-fills were over-ridden, compacted, deformed and truncated during a glacial re-advance that is correlated with the Clogher Head Readvance. Grounding-line retreat accompanied by rapid subaqueous ice-proximal sedimentation preserved a widespread subglacial stone pavement. Raised beach gravels cap the sequence. The evidence supports an uninterrupted fall in relative sea level from c. 30 m that is consistent with sea level curves predicted by current glacio-isostatic adjustment modelling. Critical evidence previously cited in support of subaerial dissection of the troughs, and hence rapid fall and rise in relative sea level prior to the deposition of the glaciomarine muds, is not justified.

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Age, Origin and Significance of the Raised Gravel Barrier at Church Bay, Rathlin Island, County Antrim

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

The last Eurasian ice sheets – a chronological database and time‐slice reconstruction, DATED‐1

The last Eurasian ice sheets – a chronological database and time‐slice reconstruction, DATED‐1

Growth and retreat of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet, 31 000 to 15 000 years ago: the BRITICE‐CHRONO reconstruction

A critical review and re-investigation of the Pleistocene deposits between Cranfield Point and Kilkeel, Northern Ireland: Implications for regional sea-level models and glacial reconstructions of the northern Irish Sea basin

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