Age-of-Parent Dependent Mutation Rate and Weak Children in the Penna Model in Biological Ageing

Berntsen, K. Nikolaj

doi:10.1142/s0129183196000600

Cited by 8 publications

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“…Many authors tried to solve the problem of "the babies death" in the Penna model. They introduced lower threshold T for babies [9], higher number of genes switched on in one time unit or introduced genes switched on in the periods between conception and birth [10]. All these modifications were biologically legitimated but there was no place in the model for more or less random relationships between individuals and environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relations between organisms and the environment in the ageing process

Biecek,

Bonkowska,

Cebrat

2008

Preprint

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We have modified the sexual Penna model by introducing the fluctuating environment and fluctuations representing physiological functions of individuals. Additionally, we have introduced the mother care corresponding to the protection against the deleterious influence of the environment, the learning capacity of individuals corresponding to their immunity and adaptation to the environment fluctuations and the other risk factors appearing at puberty. Each of the above mentioned elements influences mainly the survival of newborns and young individuals while genetic defects accumulated in the genomes increase the noise of individuals and were responsible for higher mortality of older individuals. All these modifications enable precise fitting the age structure of the simulated populations to the age distributions of human populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relations between organisms and the environment in the ageing process

Biecek,

Bonkowska,

Cebrat

2008

Preprint

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“…There is a lot of modications of the model, which i n troduce additional parameters such as sexual and asexual recombination, 6;7 or changes in resistance to T mutations or mutation rate with age, 8 Feingold has even examined how a social behavior of wolves makes their population more susceptible for hunting. 9 In this paper we try to modify some of Feingold's assumptions for the asexual reproduction with the hope that the modications would make the model more biological.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Social Alliances on Wolf Population on Their Survival Under Hunting

Cebrat

Ka̧kol

1997

Int. J. Mod. Phys. C

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We h a v e i n troduced the modied Verhulst factor to simulate the dynamics of wolves' population. The new factor enlarges the capacity o f e n vironment for organisms living in organized groups. Under this factor, social behavior allows the population to reach the larger size in the same ecological niche. The other eect of the introduced factor is that additional non-selective killing factors limit the population size not only directly but also by shrinking the eective ecological niche capacity.

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“…Returning to our earlier love strings with 16 bits (instead of 16 bytes), recombination rate C = 1, and no mutations for love strings, we now assume a a birth rate increasing linearly with increasing difference < d > of the couple, somewhat similar to [23]. Fig.8 shows that now the populations are higher than for a constant B = 2; those for the standard Penna model without love are in between near 0.9 million (not shown).…”

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Love Kills: Simulations in Penna Ageing Model

Stauffer

Cebrat

Penna

et al. 2011

Int. J. Mod. Phys. C

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The standard Penna ageing model with sexual reproduction is enlarged by adding additional bit-strings for love: Marriage happens only if the male love strings are sufficiently different from the female ones. We simulate at what level of required difference the population dies out.Love may have been a female invention long ago, when the brain of genus homo became large and required more food [1]. Thus the father was needed to help feed mother and baby. We try to check here if the restriction in the number of suitable mates caused by love can drive the whole population to extinction. First we describe the biology, then our model, and finally our results.For sexual reproduction of diploid organisms, usually two individuals of different gender are necessary (hermaphrodites are the exception). In theoretical concepts, considering a random assortment of genes, any preferences in the selection of partners for reproduction usually are ignored. In fact, it is known that such a selection can be a very important factor for the evolution of the genetic pool of a species. However, the selection of potential mates is only the first step influencing the assortment of genes. Generally, the assortment of genes can be affected at the pre-zygotic stages, like mating preferences or gamete preselection, or at post-zygotic stages, like miscarriage, or any other differential selection of individuals before and during their reproduction period. Sometimes it is difficult to find out at which stage the random assortment is disturbed.The first step generating non-random distribution of genes is the mating preference. There are more and more informations suggesting that there are not only the obvious phenotypic traits like size or strength of the male (or his bank account) which are preferred by females but that there are some other genetic characters which influence the mating decisions or even tune the genetic relations between mating pairs. Odour of individuals is such a trait determined by its genetic configuration. In the generation and recognition of an individual's odour at least two groups of genes are involved. One group is the Major 1

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Age-of-Parent Dependent Mutation Rate and Weak Children in the Penna Model in Biological Ageing

Abstract: We investigate the effect of an age-dependent mutation rate in the Penna model of ageing and then we observe that the high mortality for human babies can be reproduced by the model if one assumes babies to be weaker than adults.

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Relations between organisms and the environment in the ageing process

Relations between organisms and the environment in the ageing process

The Effect of Social Alliances on Wolf Population on Their Survival Under Hunting

Love Kills: Simulations in Penna Ageing Model

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