Age of Menarche and the Metabolic Syndrome in China

Heys, Michelle; Schooling, CM; Jiang, Chaoqiang; Cowling, Benjamin J.; Lao, Xiang Qian; Zhang, Weisen; Cheng, Kar Keung; Adab, Peymané; Thomas, G. Neil; Lam, Tai Hing; Leung, Gabriel M.

doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e3181567faf

Cited by 149 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In a retrospective historical cohort study of 7,349 women from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study (enrolled in 2003-2004), Heys et al [23] concluded that early AAM (12.5 years) had a threshold effect on the metabolic syndrome, central obesity, and elevated fasting blood glucose. In another study, a previous cross-sectional study of 9,000 Chinese women aged 25-64 years (enrolled in [2004][2005] found that AAM was inversely associated with body fatness (BMI, WC and abdominal and total fat mass), insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment), and total number of metabolic syndrome components [18] .…”

Section: Comparison With Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Age at Menarche and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in China: A Large Population-Based Investigation

Zheng¹,

Zhang

Chen³

et al. 2016

Cardiorenal Med

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Background:The association between age at menarche (AAM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has previously been investigated with controversial results. The relationship between the psychological characteristic of AAM and many cardiovascular risk factors remains unclear. Purpose: To assess the association between AAM and CVD risk factors in a large population. Design and Setting: 13,242 women aged 24-79 years were recruited from China mainland during 2009-2013 for a cross-sectional, population-based study to investigate the association between AAM and CVD risk factors. Information on AAM was obtained from self-report and information on CVD risk factors from physical examination. Results: In age-, body-mass-index-and height-adjusted analyses, AAM was positively associated with hypertension and 'college or above' educational level and incident CVD events. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for hypertension across AAM categories ( ≤ 12, 13-14, 15-16, and ≥ 17 years) were 0.820 (0.70-0.96), 0.82 (0.70-0.96), 0.88 (0.79-0.99) and 1 (referent), respectively; adjusted ORs for high educational level ('college or above') were 0.29 (0.24-0.34), 0.60 (0.41-0.51), 0.69 (0.62-0.76), and 1 (referent), respectively; adjusted ORs for incident CVD events were 0.18 (0.08-0.41), 0.18 (0.08-0.41), 0.62 (0.41-0.93), 1 (referent), respectively. Conclusions: Earlier AAM were positively associated with incident CVD events, hypertension and 'college or above' educational level.

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Section: Comparison With Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Age at Menarche and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in China: A Large Population-Based Investigation

Zheng¹,

Zhang

Chen³

et al. 2016

Cardiorenal Med

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“…Estrogen exposure early in life, such as an early age at menarche, is reported to be associated with increase in metabolic syndrome, including cardiovascular disease [22,23], as the individual is not physiologically prepared for estrogen activity at an early age. This is consistent with the findings of our study that postmenopausal women with history of adolescent pregnancy had a significantly earlier age at menarche.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of adolescent pregnancy on hypertension in postmenopausal women

Park¹,

Jung

Youn

et al. 2016

Journal of Hypertension

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“…IR might be 1 possible mechanism linking early menarche to LV diastolic dysfunction, because IR and MetS are strongly related to early menarche. 16 These conditions are associated with abnormal LV diastolic dysfunction and structure. 26, 45 In our study, however, the association between age at menarche and LV diastolic dysfunction did not change after adjustment for HOMA-IR.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Age at Menarche With Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Middle-Aged Women

Ryu

Chang

Kang

et al. 2018

Circ J

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types of cancer, and mortality. 12-24 Recent epidemiological studies suggest a close link between LV diastolic dysfunction and metabolic disorders such as MetS, IR, and obesity, 25,26 all of which are likely to develop in women who experience early menarche. Therefore, we hypothesized that the metabolic milieu of women who undergo early menarche may trigger pathophysiological processes associated with LV diastolic dysfunction. However, little research has examined if early menarche is associated with LV diastolic dysfunction.Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between age at menarche and LV diastolic dysfunction in a large sample of Korean women. We explored whether observed associations were mediated by adiposity or IR.H eart failure is a major public health problem with a prevalence of more than 23 million people worldwide. It is related to significant morbidity, mortality and healthcare expenditures. 1-4 Previous studies have demonstrated that subclinical left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction predicts future development of clinical heart failure. 5-8 Furthermore, LV diastolic dysfunction is related to increased risk of sudden death. 9 Menarche represents a significant event in the reproductive life of a woman and average age at menarche has declined in recent years. 10,11 Early menarche has received attention because of its implications for women's health. 12 Epidemiological studies have reported relationships between early menarche and obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), insulin resistance (IR), diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, gallstones, cardiovascular disease, stroke, some Background: There is sparse research on whether if early menarche is related to left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. The present study examined this relationship in Korean women. Methods and Results:In a cross-sectional study we analyzed the records of 18,910 Korean women (≥30 years) who underwent echocardiography as part of a comprehensive health examination. Age at menarche was assessed using standardized, selfadministered questionnaires. Presence of LV diastolic dysfunction was determined from the echocardiographic findings. Of the 18,910 women, 3,449 had LV diastolic dysfunction. Age at menarche was inversely associated with prevalence of LV diastolic dysfunction. In a multivariable-adjusted model, odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for LV diastolic dysfunction comparing menarche age to menarche at 15-18 years were 1.77 (1.38-2.27) for <12 years, 1.31 (1.11-1.54) for 12 years, 1.26 (1.11-1.43) for 13 years, and 1.03 (0.91-1.15) for 14 years (P for trend <0.001). Adjusting for body mass index or percent fat mass partially reduced these associations.Conclusions: This large study found an inverse relationship between menarche age and LV diastolic dysfunction. Future prospective studies are needed to investigate potential causal relationships.

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Age of Menarche and the Metabolic Syndrome in China

Cited by 149 publications

References 30 publications

Association between Age at Menarche and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in China: A Large Population-Based Investigation

Association between Age at Menarche and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in China: A Large Population-Based Investigation

Impact of adolescent pregnancy on hypertension in postmenopausal women

Association of Age at Menarche With Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Middle-Aged Women

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