Age, IQ and awareness, and recall of errors

Rabbitt, Patrick

doi:10.1080/00140139008925333

Cited by 65 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This result is consistent with Giambra's (1989) finding that young subjects report more irrelevant thought intrusions than old subjects. In general, our results are consistent with reports by Rabbitt (1990) and Kane et al (1994) that old subjects do not report more cognitive failures in everyday activities than do young subjects.…”

Section: Cfqsupporting

confidence: 93%

Aging and inhibition: Beyond a unitary view of inhibitory processing in attention.

Kramer

Humphrey

Larish

et al. 1994

Psychology and Aging

617

467

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The authors examined the question of whether a decrease in the efficiency of inhibitory processing with aging is a general phenomenon. Thirty elderly and 32 young adults performed a series of tasks from which the authors could extract measures of inhibitory function. The tasks and task components included response compatibility, negative priming, stopping, spatial precuing, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ). Only limited evidence for age-related differences in inhibitory function was obtained. Old adults had more difficulty than young adults in stopping an overt response and adopting new rules in a categorization task. However, elderly and young adults produced equivalent negative priming effects, response compatibility effects, spatial precuing effects, and self-reported cognitive failures. The findings are discussed in terms of the relationship between aging, inhibitory processes, and neuroanatomical and physiological function.A dominant view in the aging literature is that cognitive decline in later life is the result of a progressive and generalized slowing of information-processing activities (Birren, 1974;Cerella, 1990;Salthouse, 1992). Much of the evidence for such a view has been provided through reanalyses of existing data sets (Cerella, 1985b;Myerson, Hale, Wagstaff, Poon, & Smith, 1991;Salthouse, 1985). Examination oflarge numbers of tasks has suggested that reaction times (RTs) of elderly subjects can be described as simple linear or nonlinear functions of young subjects' RTs, without reference to the specific nature of the tasks. Although this generalized-slowing view provides a good account of RT data in a multitude of studies (but see Baron & Mattila, 1989;Fisk, Fisher, & Rogers, 1992), such a view has, for the most part, been descriptive rather than theoretical in nature (but see Cerella, 1990).An important question is what processes or mechanisms are responsible for this generalized slowing that occurs during aging? One relatively recent proposal that could provide the theoretical basis for generalized slowing concerns inhibitory function. Hasher and Zacks (1988; see also Zacks & Hasher, in press) suggested that age-related processing deficits in a variety of cog- We are indebted to Susan Gass for assistance in data collection, with special thanks to Heather Pringle for her invaluable assistance in data management and project organization. We express our appreciation to Tram Neill and Joan McDowd for their helpful comments on a draft of this article.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Arthur F. Kramer, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801. nitive skills could be accounted for by a decrease in the efficiency of inhibitory processing during aging. More specifically, inefficient inhibition could result in ineffective selective attention, which could, in turn, result in the intrusion of task irrelevant information into working memory. The consequences of the entrance of...

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Section: Cfqsupporting

confidence: 93%

Aging and inhibition: Beyond a unitary view of inhibitory processing in attention.

Kramer

Humphrey

Larish

et al. 1994

Psychology and Aging

617

467

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“…The automaticity of error correction is seen during tasks in which these involuntary corrections cannot always be suppressed, even when subjects were instructed not to be concerned with correction (Rabbitt, 1990). The present concern was whether errors required further processing after the movement was made.…”

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confidence: 93%

Cognitive Demands of Error Processing

2008

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This study used a dual-task methodology to assess attention demands associated with error processing during an anticipation-timing task. A difference was predicted in attention demands during feedback on trials with correct responses and errors. This was addressed by requiring participants to respond to a probe reaction-time stimulus after augmented feedback presentation. 16 participants (8 men, 8 women) completed two phases, the reaction time task only and the anticipation-timing task with the probe RT task. False feedback indicating error and a financial reward manipulation were used to increase relevance of errors. Data supported the hypothesis that error processing is associated with higher cognitive demands than processing feedback denoting a correct response. Individuals responded with quicker probe reaction times during presentation of feedback on correct trials than on error trials. These results are discussed with respect to the cognitive processes which might occur during error processing and their role in motor learning.

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“…In an elegant series of studies in which participants were required to signal whether they had committed an error or not, the post-error slowing effect was observed even in those trials that were not consciously registered and signaled (Rabbitt, 1968(Rabbitt, , 1990(Rabbitt, , 2002). This result clearly shows the automatic and involuntary character of posterror slowing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Mechanisms Underlying Adaptive Actions after Slips

Marco-Pallarés

Càmara

Münte

et al. 2008

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

146

132

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Abstract& An increase in cognitive control has been systematically observed in responses produced immediately after the commission of an error. Such responses show a delay in reaction time (post-error slowing) and an increase in accuracy. To characterize the neurophysiological mechanism involved in the adaptation of cognitive control, we examined oscillatory electrical brain activity by electroencephalogram and its corresponding neural network by event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging in three experiments. We identified a new oscillatory theta-beta component related to the degree of post-error slowing

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Age, IQ and awareness, and recall of errors

Cited by 65 publications

References 10 publications

Aging and inhibition: Beyond a unitary view of inhibitory processing in attention.

Aging and inhibition: Beyond a unitary view of inhibitory processing in attention.

Cognitive Demands of Error Processing

Neural Mechanisms Underlying Adaptive Actions after Slips

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