Age Interacts with Heaviness of Smoking in Predicting Success in Cessation of Smoking

Coambs, Robert B.; Li, Selina; Kozlowski, Lynn T.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116277

Cited by 87 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…55 During 1967During -1970, when the Fairness Doctrine antismoking messages appeared on television and radio, cessation increased for all four groups but especially for white males and females. The data in Figure 1 and many of the population-based cross-sectional studies 2,17,18,22,26,[48][49][50][51][52][53] likely reflect, at least in part, the "head start" that white males and females had in terms of quitting smoking. Among all four groups, cessation rates increased during the 1970's and 1980's, 54 which is consistent with the increasing slopes for both whites and African Americans that are seen in Figure 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…As shown in Figure 1 and previously by Fiore and his colleagues, 3 the percentage of ever-smokers who have quit has consistently been higher among whites than African Americans, a finding that is supported from studies in individual years. 2,17,18,22,26,[48][49][50][51][52][53] One study, 51 and an analysis presented in Table 34 of Chapter 2 of the 1998 Report of the Surgeon General, 2 indicate that the differences by race persist even after statistical adjustment was made for variables such as age, gender, and indicators of socioeconomic status (SES). Burns and his colleagues presented birth cohort analyses of whites and African Americans born during the 20th century that help explain these disparities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in Quit Attempts and Cigarette Smoking Abstinence Between Whites and African Americans in the United States: Literature Review and Results From the International Tobacco Control US Survey

Kulak¹,

Cornelius²,

Fong³

et al. 2016

NICTOB

105

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Results: Of 17 total analyses of quit attempts, nine (including the ITC US Survey) observed that African American smokers were more likely than whites to attempt to quit during a given year; seven found no differences. Whites were more likely than African Americans to be abstinent in five of six retrospective cohort analyses and in two of five considered community-and population-based cohort studies. Four of these 11 analyses, including one from the ITC US Survey, found no differences. Conclusions: Of 11 population-or community-based analyses, all seven that found significant differences indicated that whites were more likely to quit than African Americans. These findings, combined with the similar results from population-based birth cohort analyses, support the conclusion that white smokers are more likely to quit than African American smokers. Efforts to encourage and support quitting among all tobacco users remain a priority. Implications: This article provides a review of the literature on smoking cessation among African American and white smokers, and adds new analyses that compare quit attempts and abstinence between US African Americans and whites. Results demonstrate a clear distinction between the findings of cross-sectional and retrospective cohort studies with those of cohort studies. Reasons for these differences merit further study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Quit Attempts and Cigarette Smoking Abstinence Between Whites and African Americans in the United States: Literature Review and Results From the International Tobacco Control US Survey

Kulak¹,

Cornelius²,

Fong³

et al. 2016

NICTOB

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…[1][2][3][4] Cross-sectional studies of smoking or drinking habits have been reported in many countries including Japan. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] However, longitudinal changes in smoking and drinking habits and their related factors have also been investigated, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] but such few studies have been conducted among Japanese. 20 If exposure data in cohort studies are only measured at baseline even though exposure histories change significantly after baseline, the estimates of relative risk may be biased due to insufficient information regarding exposure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and Drinking Habits Five Years after Baseline in the JACC Study

Kawado

Suzuki

Hashimoto

et al. 2005

Journal of Epidemiology

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BACKGROUND: Observing longitudinal changes in smoking and drinking habits is important for evaluating the risk of incidence and death from cancer or other diseases in a cohort study. METHODS: Smoking and drinking habits at baseline and about five years later among 18,312 males and 28,338 females were obtained from the baseline and interim surveys in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk (JACC Study) sponsored by Monbusho (Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan). Changes in smoking and drinking habits between the two surveys were observed. Odds ratios for quitting these habits at interim survey were estimated. RESULTS: Percentages of current smokers at baseline and interim surveys were 51.0% and 45.5% in males, and 5.2% and 4.8% in females, respectively. Percentages of current drinkers at baseline and interim surveys were 78.0% and 73.2% in males, and 29.5% and 23.5% in females, respectively. The number of cigarettes per day among male current smokers and the usual amount of alcohol consumed on each occasion among current drinkers decreased between the two surveys. Odds ratios for smoking cessation increased with age at baseline and decreased with the number of cigarettes per day at baseline. Odds ratios for drinking cessation increased with age at baseline and decreased with the usual amount of alcohol consumed on each occasion at baseline. CONCLUSION: The decrease in smoking and drinking habits was observed during the five-year follow-up period. Higher age and lower levels of exposure were associated with quitting smoking or drinking.

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“…The findings of previous studies mention that the younger the initial smoking age is the harder to quit smoking. In other words, the possibility to quit smoking is inversely related to initial smoking age (Coambs, Seline, and Kozlowski, 1992;Breslau and Peterson, 1996). This research interestingly finds that the willingness to stop smoking occurs to adolescents with younger initial smoking age (16.62 years old); compared to ones not willing to quit smoking (17.01 years old).…”

Section: Descriptive Analysismentioning

confidence: 63%

“…The earlier one started to smoke, the harder for him/her to stop the habit.In other words, the possibility for one to stop smoking is inversely related to initial smoking age (Coambs, Seline, and Kozlowski, 1992;Breslau and Peterson, 1996). If one does not start to smoke as an adolescent, it is highly unlikely for him/her to smoke (US Department of Health and Human services, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of School Type on the Initial Smoking Age among Adolescence: A Survey in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Jamaliah¹,

Restiatun²

2017

AJSSS

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Smoking habit usually started at adolescence. The decision to start smoking is heavily influenced by one's surroundings, both school and family. Adolescents in general are in their school phase, so that most of their times are spent at school. Hence, school environment greatly influences one's personality, including one's decision to smoke. It has been decided that school is a non-smoking zone. Each school, either public or private, has put some surveillances on their students, particularly in terms of smoking. Each school conducts its own surveillance method. This difference shall shape different peer circumstance for each adolescent. This research aims to discover whether certain school type (from primary to high school) influences adolescent's initial smoking age, without ignoring the smoking habit in one's family (parental-habit transformation). This research employs a survey method. The survey is conducted randomly to 500 respondents from 18 years old to 23 years old. It is also found out that family's smoking habit and mother's educational background significantly influence the adolescent's initial smoking age.

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Age Interacts with Heaviness of Smoking in Predicting Success in Cessation of Smoking

Cited by 87 publications

References 0 publications

Differences in Quit Attempts and Cigarette Smoking Abstinence Between Whites and African Americans in the United States: Literature Review and Results From the International Tobacco Control US Survey

Differences in Quit Attempts and Cigarette Smoking Abstinence Between Whites and African Americans in the United States: Literature Review and Results From the International Tobacco Control US Survey

Smoking and Drinking Habits Five Years after Baseline in the JACC Study

The Influence of School Type on the Initial Smoking Age among Adolescence: A Survey in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

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