Age-Group Differences in Set-Switching and Set-Maintenance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task

Huizinga, Mariëtte; Molen, Maurits W. van der

doi:10.1080/87565640701190817

Cited by 111 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…De resultaten suggereren verschillende tempo's van de ontwikkeling van werkgeheugen, flexibiliteit en inhibitie. Samen zorgen zij ervoor dat als kinderen ouder worden, ze steeds beter in staat zijn verschillende sorteerregels te onthouden en ondertussen te zoeken naar een nieuwe sorteerregel (Huizinga & Van der Molen, 2007a).…”

Section: Strategiehantering En Leren Bij De Tower Of Hanoiunclassified

De ontwikkeling van executieve functies tussen kindertijd en jongvolwassenheid

Huizinga¹

2007

NEPR

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Section: Strategiehantering En Leren Bij De Tower Of Hanoiunclassified

De ontwikkeling van executieve functies tussen kindertijd en jongvolwassenheid

Huizinga¹

2007

NEPR

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“…Similar to the method of Barceló and Knight (2002), we decomposed nonperseverative errors into efficient and random (non-efficient) components as indices of set switching and set maintenance (Huizinga and van der Molen, 2007). Specifically, we score an efficient error when a participant achieves a perseverative error, and then make a correct match within the next three trials.…”

Section: Wisconsin Card Sorting Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A participant finishes the task when they complete two rounds of each matching rule for a total of six rules or complete a total of 128 trials. Successful performance on the WCST requires both set switching (switching to a new sorting rule based on feedback) and set maintenance (maintaining the appropriate strategy long enough to reach the next sorting rule) (Barceló and Knight, 2002;Huizinga and van der Molen, 2007;Miyake et al, 2000). Based on these findings, we examined cognitive flexibility performance regarding both set maintenance and set shifting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of performance on a modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test for the military

Moten¹,

Kennedy

Alt³

et al. 2017

JDAL

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Purpose Current Army doctrine stresses a need for military leaders to have the capability to make flexible and adaptive decisions based on a future unknown environment, location and enemy. To assess a military decision maker’s ability in this context, this paper aims to modify the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test which assesses cognitive flexibility, into a military relevant map task. Thirty-four military officers from all service branches completed the map task. Design/methodology/approach The purpose of this study was to modify a current psychological task that measures cognitive flexibility into a military relevant task that includes the challenge of overcoming experiential bias, and understand underlying causes of individual variability in the decision-making and cognitive flexibility behavior of active duty military officers on this task. Findings Results indicated that non-perseverative errors were a strong predictor of cognitive flexibility performance on the map task. Decomposition of non-perseverative error into efficient errors and random errors revealed that participants who did not complete the map task changed their sorting strategy too soon within a series, resulting in a high quantity of random errors. Originality/value This study serves as the first step in customizing cognitive psychological tests for a military purpose and understanding why some military participants show poor cognitive flexibility.

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“…For example, after 10 consecutive correct matches based on the color of the symbols, the matching rule could then change to the number or shape of the symbols. Thus, participants must not only learn and maintain in working memory the correct matching rule while inhibiting irrelevant stimuli, but also exhibit cognitive flexibility in detecting when the rule has changed (Grant & Berg, 1948;Huizinga & van der Molen, 2007). The task is completed when either the participant has successfully completed two rounds of each matching rule or until they have completed 128 trials.…”

Section: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Wcst)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The WCST taps the working memory, shifting and inhibition components of executive function and therefore is heavily reliant on prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus functioning (Huizinga & van der Molen, 2007;Konishi et al, 1999;Monchi et al, 2001). Participants view 5 cards, one card displayed at the top center of the screen, the remaining four displayed across the bottom of the screen.…”

Section: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Wcst)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Optimal Decision-Making in Wargaming

Nesbitt¹,

Kennedy²,

Alt³

et al. 2013

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The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, This research aims to gain insight into optimal wargaming decision-making mechanisms using neurophysiological measures by investigating whether brain activation and visual scan patterns predict attention, perception, and/or decision-making errors through human-in-the-loop wargaming simulation experiments. We investigate whether brain activity and visual scan patterns can explain optimal wargaming decision making and its development with a within-person design; i.e., the transition from exploring the environment to exploiting the environment. We describe ongoing research that uses neurophysiological predictors in two military decision making tasks that tap reinforcement learning and cognitive flexibility.

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Age-Group Differences in Set-Switching and Set-Maintenance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task

Cited by 111 publications

References 77 publications

De ontwikkeling van executieve functies tussen kindertijd en jongvolwassenheid

De ontwikkeling van executieve functies tussen kindertijd en jongvolwassenheid

Analysis of performance on a modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test for the military

Understanding Optimal Decision-Making in Wargaming

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