Age, gender, and educational level predict emotional but not cognitive empathy in farsi-speaking iranians

Jami, Parvaneh Yaghoubi; Mansouri, Behzad; Thoma, Stephen J.

doi:10.1007/s12144-018-9967-7

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Previous studies have clarified the relationship between individual brain regions and motivation-and empathy-related psychological indicators (Barrós-Loscertales et al, 2006b;Ide et al, 2020;Li et al, 2014;Schulze et al, 2013;Yang et al, 2016). Furthermore, it has been shown that motivation and empathy depend on various personal and environmental factors (Jami et al, 2021;Putrino et al, 2021;Subramanian et al, 2020;Włodarska et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2020) as the brain condition did. Therefore, it was hypothesized that whole-brain GMV could also vary due to motivation and empathy levels.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, GM-BHQ was more strongly correlated with cognitive function than its regional subscales including hippocampus-BHQ or parahippocampus-BHQ (Watanabe et al, 2021), indicating that the whole-brain GMV reflects cognitive function better than individual regional GMV. As the whole-brain GMV is influenced by one's personality, cognitive ability, and surrounding environment (Kokubun & Yamakawa, 2019;Kokubun et al, 2018Kokubun et al, , 2020Kokubun et al, , 2021Nemoto et al, 2017;Watanabe et al, 2021), it has been shown that motivation (Subramanian et al, 2020;Włodarska et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2020) and empathy (Jami et al, 2021;Putrino et al, 2021) are also influenced by those factors. Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that whole-brain GMV correlates with motivation and empathy.…”

Section: Relationship Between Motivation and Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The link between the brain volume derived index and the determinants of social performance

2022

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Motivation, defined as the energizing of behavior in pursuit of a goal, is a fundamental element of our interaction with the world and with each other. Furthermore, as it is known that cooperation leads to higher levels of performance than do individual conditions, empathic concern is also crucial to all forms of helping relationships. A growing number of studies indicate that motivation and empathy are associated not only with organizational performance and study achievements, but also with the human brain. However, to date, no definite neuroimaging-derived measures are available to measure motivation and empathy objectively. The current research evaluated the association of motivation and empathy with the whole brain using the gray-matter brain healthcare quotient (GM-BHQ), an MRI-based quotient. Participants were 47 healthy adults. All subjects underwent structural T1-weighted imaging. Motivation levels were evaluated using four motivation scales: Behavioral Activation System (BAS), Self-Monitoring Scale (SMS), Self-Control Scale (SCS), and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS). Interaction levels, including empathic concern, were evaluated using four subscales of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). It was found that the GM-BHQ was most significantly sensitive to the BAS scale (p = 0.002). Furthermore, the GM-BHQ was moderately sensitive to the SMS (p = 0.028) and subscales of the IRI (p = 0.044 for Fantasy and p = 0.036 for Empathic Concern). However, no significant association was found between the GM-BHQ and other variables (BIS and SCS). These results suggest that the GM-BHQ might reflect motivation and empathic concern.

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Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relationship Between Motivation and Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

The link between the brain volume derived index and the determinants of social performance

2022

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“…Additionally, despite the large Farsi-speaking population (more than 100 million globally, 1.5% of world population), Iranians are underrepresented in social psychology research (Wind et al, 2021). Although empathy has been examined among many populations worldwide, investigations of empathy among Farsi-speakers as well as differences and similarities between the Iranian community and other populations are limited to few studies (e.g., see Yaghoubi Jami, Mansouri, & Thoma, 2021, for details). As the search for related literature has demonstrated, neither the English nor the translated versions of the IRI have been adapted and/or evaluated within an Iranian context.…”

Section: Purpose Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of a Proposed Farsi Version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index Using Item Response Theory

Jami

Wind

2022

Research on Social Work Practice

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Purpose: Although researchers have examined empathy among many populations worldwide, investigations of empathy among Farsi-speakers are limited. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) for Farsi-speakers (IRI-Farsi). Methods: After translating, we explored psychometric properties of the IRI-Farsi with exploratory factor analysis and item response theory using a sample of Iranians ( N = 517). Results: The IRI-Farsi appeared to exhibit a four-factor structure and acceptable item properties within each subscale. Moreover, the IRI-Farsi rating scale categories were generally ordered and distinct with emotion-triggering items as easier to endorse compared to more complex cognitively aroused statements. Conclusions: Results support using the IRI to measure dispositional empathy in mainland Iran. Social work researchers can use these results to inform research and practice related to empathy in this population and design more effective interventions to increase awareness of empathic feelings and understanding for practitioners and clients.

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“…The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of a southern university in the United States and was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its later amendments. The primary inclusion criteria were age (18 to 22 years) due to developmental path of empathy (Yaghoubi Jami et al, 2018), having no self-reported history of any psychiatric diagnoses and no uncorrected vision deficits.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Personal distress (PD) items were used as a separate measurement of personal distress. Because of debates over the validity of the fantasy scale (FS) items in measuring empathy (Yaghoubi Jami et al, 2018), this subscale was not included in the analysis. Following Davis' (1983) guidelines, items were scored on a 5-point Likert scale (0 = does not describe me well to 4 = describe me well-some items were reverse-coded) with a final score range of 0 to 28 on each scale.…”

Section: Stimuli and Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Histories of Painful Life Experiences Affect the Expression of Empathy Among Young Adults? An Electroencephalography Study

et al. 2021

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Previous research suggests that prior experience of pain affects the expression of empathy. However, most of these studies attended to physical pain despite evidence indicating that other forms of pain may also affect brain activity and emotional states in similar ways. To address this limitation, we compared empathic responses of 33 participants, some of whom had experienced a personal loss, across three conditions: observing strangers in physical pain, psychological pain, and a non-painful condition. We also examined the effect of presence of prior painful experience on empathic reactions. In addition, we examined the stimulation type, prior experience, and ERPs in the early Late Positive Potential (300–550 ms), late Late Positive Potential (550–800 ms), and very late Late Positive Potential (VLLPP; 800–1,050 ms) time windows. Behavioral data indicated that participants who had personally experienced a loss scored significantly higher on perspective taking in the psychological-pain condition. ERP results also indicated significantly lower intensity in Fp2, an electrode in the prefrontal region, within VLLPP time window for participants experiencing a loss in the psychological-pain condition. The results of both behavioral and ERP analysis indicated that prior experience of psychological pain is related to cognitive empathy, but not affective empathy. The implication of these findings for research on empathy, for the study of psychological pain, and the moderating influence of prior painful experiences are discussed.

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Age, gender, and educational level predict emotional but not cognitive empathy in farsi-speaking iranians

Cited by 10 publications

References 54 publications

The link between the brain volume derived index and the determinants of social performance

The link between the brain volume derived index and the determinants of social performance

Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of a Proposed Farsi Version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index Using Item Response Theory

Do Histories of Painful Life Experiences Affect the Expression of Empathy Among Young Adults? An Electroencephalography Study

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