Age estimation of a Thai population based on maturation of the medial clavicular epiphysis using computed tomography

CT evaluation of medial clavicular epiphysis as a method of bone age determination in adolescents and young adults

“…Thus, it is better to provide age intervals instead of point estimates. In the present study, we found that 100% of subjects with stage IV and V ossification were ≥18 years similar to Pattamapaspong et al (15) and Zhang et al (16). Our study showed that subjects of both sexes with stage III B have 0% probability to be <18 years, and those with stage II have a probability of 79.3% to be <18 years.…”

“…In the present study, the ossification stages of medial clavicular epiphysis were defined using a modified version of the Schmeling classification (7), which is a widely accepted system (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Previous studies showed that an individual can be estimated to be ≥18 years when complete ossification of epiphyseal cartilage (stage IV, V) is observed (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17).…”

“…Previous studies showed that an individual can be estimated to be ≥18 years when complete ossification of epiphyseal cartilage (stage IV, V) is observed (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Since stage III is a borderline to determine whether an individual is adult or not, we modified this classification to evaluate stage III epiphysis in more detail and divided stage III into two subgroups (stage III A, ≤2/3, ossification of epiphyseal cartilage; stage III B, >2/3 but not complete ossification of epiphyseal cartilage).…”

Age Estimation from Ossification of the Medial Clavicular Epiphysis by Computed Tomography

“…The results revealed no significant differences between males and females (except for stage 1) (Table III) or right and left sides as regard age of ossification of medial end clavicles as mentioned before. This was in concurrence with studies of Kellinghaus et al (2010a) (except for stage 2); Kellinghaus et al (2010b); Schulze et al (2006);and Wittschieber et al (2014) (except for stages 2b; 3; 3c and 4) in Germany; Bassed et al (2011) in Australia;El Gerby et al (2013) in Egypt (except for stages 1, 3 and 5); Pattamapaspong et al (2015) in Thailand (except in stage 2); Singh & Chavali (2011) and Gakhar et al (2014) in India; Brown et al (2013) in Ghana (except in stages 2, 3 and 4) and Garamendi et al (2011) in Spain. They regarded no significant distinction of right and left sides or both sexes.…”

Morphometry of Isan-Thai Clavicles as a Guide for Sex Determination

“…Moreover, the medial articular surface of clavicle could be used to estimate age of Europeans (Kreitner et al, 1998;Falys & Prangle, 2015). In Thailand, there was only a report investigated about the age estimation based on length measurements by using computed tomography (CT) images of clavicles in NorthThais (Pattamapaspong et al, 2015). However, both sex and age estimations including morphometric analysis using CT or dried clavicles in the Isan (Northeastern)-Thai population have never been systemically observed.…”