Age effects on executive ability.

Wecker, Nancy S.; Kramer, Joel H.; Wisniewski, Amy B.; Delis, Dean C.; Kaplan, Edith

doi:10.1037/0894-4105.14.3.409

Cited by 146 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In turn, age differences in WM could be explained by age-related differences in processing speed and interference control. This study adds to the growing body of literature that argues for the importance of both speed and interference control as separable factors that may contribute to age-related differences in cognitive performance (Braver et al, 2001;Kramer, Hahn, & Gopher, 1999;Kray & Lindenberger, 2000;Kwong See & Ryan, 1995;Meiran, Gotler, & Perlman, 2001;Persad, Abeles, Zacks, & Denburg, 2002;Spieler, Balota, & Faust, 1996;Van der Linden et al, 1999;Verhaeghen & De Meersman, 1998;Wecker, Kramer, Wisniewski, Delis, & Kaplan, 2000;West & Baylis, 1998). Especially important is the question of the life span development of processing speed and control of interference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Cognitive Ability, Expertise, and Age Differences in Following Air-Traffic Control Instructions.

Taylor¹,

O’Hara²,

Mumenthaler³

et al. 2005

Psychology and Aging

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Differences in cognitive ability and domain-specific expertise may help explain age differences in pilot performance. Pilots heard air-traffic controller messages and then executed them while "flying" in a simulator. Messages varied in length and speech rate. Age was associated with lower accuracy, but the expected Age ϫ Message Difficulty interactions were not obtained. Expertise, as indexed by pilot ratings, was associated with higher accuracy; yet expertise did not reduce age differences in accuracy. The effect of age on communication task accuracy was largely explainable as an age-associated decrease in working memory span, which in turn was explainable as decreases in both speed and interference control. Results are discussed within frameworks of deliberate practice and cognitive mediation of age differences.How well do theoretical models of cognitive aging explain age-related differences in performance of real-world tasks? Do age-related reductions in the efficiency of working memory (WM) matter when the task is familiar and its execution has been honed by experience? Although a few studies of age and expertise have addressed these questions, the results have been inconsistent. In this study of pilots' executions of air-traffic controller (ATC) communications, we examined differences in aviation performance related to age and expertise, as well as the potential for expertise to moderate the effect that age has on aviation communication performance. On average, older pilots recall ATC communications less well than younger pilots

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Cognitive Ability, Expertise, and Age Differences in Following Air-Traffic Control Instructions.

Taylor¹,

O’Hara²,

Mumenthaler³

et al. 2005

Psychology and Aging

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“…For example, the total length of myelinated axons is reduced by as much as 47% in old age, with the greatest loss evident in small-diameter fibers, which myelinate later in life in frontal regions of the brain (Pakkenberg, 1989). Such changes may well be related to the decline in circumscribed executive cognitive functions seen in aging (Brennan, Welsh, & Fisher, 1997;Wecker, Kramer, Wisniewski, Delis, & Kaplan, 2000).…”

Section: Potential Utility Of Our Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative tractography metrics of white matter integrity in diffusion-tensor MRI

et al. 2008

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We present new quantitative diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) tractography-based metrics for assessing cerebral white matter integrity. These metrics extend prior work in this area. Tractography models of cerebral white matter were produced from each subject's DTI data. The models are a set of curves (e.g., "streamtubes") derived from DTI data that represent the underlying topography of the cerebral white matter. Nine metrics were calculated in whole brain tractography models and in three "tracts-of-interest" (TOI): transcallosal fibers, and the left and right cingulum bundles. The metrics included the number of streamtubes and several metrics based on the summed length of streamtubes in including some that were weighted by scalar anisotropy metrics and normalized for estimated intracranial volume. We then tested whether patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease (i.e., vascular cognitive impairment or VCI) vs. healthy controls (HC) differed on the metrics. The metrics were significantly lower in the VCI group in whole brain and in transcallosal TOI but not in the left or right cingulum bundles. The metrics correlated significantly with cognitive functions known to be impacted by white matter abnormalities (e.g., processing speed) but not with those more impacted by cortical disease (e.g., naming). These new metrics help bridge the gap between DTI tractography and scalar analytical methods and provide a potential means for examining group differences in white matter integrity in specific tracts-of-interest.

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“…For example, older adults exhibit deficits in performance (i.e., reaction time [RT], response accuracy) across a variety of tasks involving attention, cognition, and memory [40,46,47,49,51,58,60]. These age-related decrements in performance are disproportionately larger for tasks or task components that involve greater amounts of executive control [18,33,34] and are markedly reduced on tasks or task components that place smaller demands on the executive system [59].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-efficacy effects on neuroelectric and behavioral indices of action monitoring in older adults

Themanson

Hillman

McAuley

et al. 2008

Neurobiology of Aging

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The relationships between self-efficacy (SE), i.e., beliefs in personal capabilities, and behavioral and neuroelectric (i.e., ERN, Pe) indices of action monitoring were investigated in 40 older adults (13 male) during the completion of a flanker paradigm performed under task conditions emphasizing either accuracy or speed. SE relative to task performance during both conditions was assessed prior to each cognitive task. Results indicated that high-SE older adults exhibited larger ERN and Pe amplitudes compared to low-SE older adults under the accuracy instruction condition. Additionally, a moderating effect of SE on the relationship between ERN and post-error response accuracy was revealed in the accuracy condition, with greater ERN amplitude associated with greater post-error accuracy in the high-SE group. No significant relationships were evident between ERN and posterror accuracy in the low-SE group. Further, no significant relationships involving SE were observed in the speed condition. The findings suggest that SE may be related to neuroelectric and behavioral indices of action monitoring in older adults when task demands require greater attention to action monitoring processes.

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Age effects on executive ability.

Cited by 146 publications

References 37 publications

Cognitive Ability, Expertise, and Age Differences in Following Air-Traffic Control Instructions.

Cognitive Ability, Expertise, and Age Differences in Following Air-Traffic Control Instructions.

Quantitative tractography metrics of white matter integrity in diffusion-tensor MRI

Self-efficacy effects on neuroelectric and behavioral indices of action monitoring in older adults

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