Age Diminishes Performance on an Antisaccade Eye Movement Task

Olincy, Ann; Ross, Randal G.; Youngd, D.A; Freedman, Robert

doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(97)00109-7

Cited by 137 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Kramer et al (1994) also found that elderly compared to younger adults, were less able to inhibit overt responses: when both elderly and young adults were asked to perform a series of tasks measuring inhibitory functions, it was found that older adults had more diYculty than younger ones in stopping the overt response and adopting new rules, indicating that aging decreases the ability to inhibit an overt response in favour of an intentional response. In line with this claim, Olincy et al (1997) found age-related changes in an antisaccade task, in that the proportion of misWxations to the onset stimulus (rather than away from it) increased linearly with age. Moreover, older adults have greater diYculty in intentionally suppressing attentional allocation to onset distracters (Pratt and Bellomo 1999) and are more susceptible to attentional capture by transient events in the periphery of the visual Weld (Lincort et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Age-related differences in corrected and inhibited pointing movements

Rossit

Harvey

2007

Exp Brain Res

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It has been widely reported that aging is accompanied by a decline in motor skill performance and in particular, it has been shown that older subjects take longer to adapt their ongoing reach in response to a target location shift. In the present experiment, we investigated the inXuence of aging on the ability to perform trajectory corrections in response to a target jump, but also assessed inhibition by asking a younger and an older group of participants to either adapt or stop their ongoing movement in response to a target location change. Results showed that although older subjects took longer to initiate, execute, correct and inhibit an ongoing reach, they performed both tasks with the same level of accuracy as the younger sample. Moreover, the slowing was also observed when older subjects were asked to point to stationary targets. Our Wndings thus indicate that aging does not speciWcally inXuence the ability to perform or inhibit fast online corrections to target location changes, but rather produces a general slowing and increased variability of movement planning, initiation and execution to both perturbed and stationary targets. For the Wrst time, we demonstrate that aging is not accompanied by a decrease in the inhibition of motor control.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Age-related differences in corrected and inhibited pointing movements

Rossit

Harvey

2007

Exp Brain Res

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“…Although this indicates a fairly low power to detect a significant age difference in the proportion of misfixations on the onset distractor when the data from Experiments 1 and 2 were combined, the power increases to .60 (Cohen, 1988). In any event, the important point is that age differences in the proportion of misfixations on the onset distractor are extremely small compared with those observed in the antisaccade task (Olincy, Ross, Young, & Freedman, 1997). it took the eyes to start moving from the center fixation dot to the color singleton target or onset distractor. The timing began with the color change that defined the location of the target and ended as soon as the eyes moved away from fixation (i.e., a 2° circular area around the center fixation dot).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Given the often-reported changes in frontal lobe morphology and decreases in metabolism during the course of normal aging (Azari et al, 1992;Coffey et al, 1992;West, 1996), Olincy et al (1997) examined potential age-related changes in the performance of the antisaccade task. Three important findings were obtained: First, the proportion of misfixations on the onset stimulus increased linearly from approximately 10% for 20-year-olds to 50% for 80-year-olds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional capture and aging: Implications for visual search performance and oculomotor control.

Kramer¹,

Hahn²,

Irwin³

et al. 1999

Psychology and Aging

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Two studies examined potential age-related differences in attentional capture. Subjects were instructed to move their eyes as quickly as possible to a color singleton target and to identify a small letter located inside it. On half the trials, a new stimulus (i.e., a sudden onset) appeared simultaneously with the presentation of the color singleton target. The onset was always a task-irrelevant distractor. Response times were lengthened, for both young and old adults, whenever an onset distractor appeared, despite the fact that subjects reported being unaware of the appearance of the abrupt onset. Eye scan strategies were also disrupted by the appearance of the onset distractors. On about 40% of the trials on which an onset appeared, subjects made an eye movement to the task-irrelevant onset before moving their eyes to the target. Fixations close to the onset were brief, suggesting parallel programming of a reflexive eye movement to the onset and goal-directed eye movement to the target. Results are discussed in terms of age-related sparing of the attentional and oculomotor processes that underlie attentional capture.The interaction of top-down or goal-directed and bottom-up or stimulus-driven influences on attentional control has become a central issue in the study of visual attention (Martin-Emerson & Kramer, 1997;Theeuwes, 1995;Yantis, 1996). When driving an automobile in unfamiliar surroundings, people spend a great deal of time intentionally directing their attention to other automobiles, pedestrians, and features of the roadway that are important to the task of driving. However, salient features of the environment, such as a brightly flashing neon sign on the side of the roadway or a loud and abrupt protestation from one of two children sitting in the backseat arguing about a favorite toy, also appear to grab or capture people's attention regardless of the intention to attend to these events.Indeed, the stimulus-driven capture of attention can have a positive influence on the task at hand, such as the sound of squealing tires alerting a driver to a potential accident ahead. However, attentional capture can also have negative consequences such as in the example above in which the driver is attending to the bright roadway sign rather than other automobiles. Analogs of these situations, that is, settings in which positive and negative consequences are realized with attentional capture, have been examined in the laboratory. This research was supported by Grant AG14966 from the National Institute on Aging. We would like to thank Angela Glass and Meredith Minear for their assistance in running the participants.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Arthur F. Kramer, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana. Illinois 61801. Electronic mail may be sent to akramer@s.psych.uiuc.edu.For example, Yantis and colleagues (Yantis & Hillstrom, 1994;Yantis & Jones, 1991;Yantis & Jonides, 1984 have conducted a number of studies in which subjects searched for a predefi...

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“…This distinction between preserved unintentional inhibitory processes and dysfunctional intentional ones during normal aging has also been observed in tasks assessing perceptual or motor inhibition. Indeed, elderly participants performed similarly to young subjects on inhibition of return and negative priming tasks (Connelly & Hasher, 1993;Faust & Balota, 1997;Langley, Overmier, Knopman, & Prod'Homme, 1998;Verhaeghen & De Meersman, 1998), which can be considered to be relatively unintentional (see nevertheless Maylor, Schlaghecken & Watson, 2005, for an observation of impaired performance on unintentional perceptual and motor tasks), while they encountered difficulties when the task requires an inhibitory mechanism that must be triggered intentionally (such as the Stroop or antisaccade tasks; Olincy, Ros, Young, & Freedman, 1997;Spieler et al, 1996). Moreover, this dissociation between preserved unintentional and impaired intentional inhibitory processes was confirmed in recent studies that administered these two kinds of tasks to a single group of young and elderly subjects (Andrès et al, 2008;Collette et al 2008;Hogge, Salmon, & Collette, in press b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory control of memory in normal ageing: Dissociation between impaired intentional and preserved unintentional processes

Collette

Germain

Hogge

et al. 2009

Memory

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The aim of this study was to compare the performance of elderly and young participants on a series of memory tasks involving either intentional or unintentional inhibitory control of memory content. Intentional inhibition processes in working and episodic memory were explored with directed forgetting tasks and in semantic memory with the Hayling task. Unintentional inhibitory processes in working memory, long-term memory and semantic memory were explored with an interference resolution task, the retrieval practice paradigm and the flanker task, respectively. The results indicate that elderly subjects' performance on the two directed forgetting tasks and the Hayling task is lower than that of young ones, and that this impairment is not related to their initial memory capacity. This suggests that there is a specific dysfunction affecting intentional inhibitory control of memory contents in normal aging.

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Age Diminishes Performance on an Antisaccade Eye Movement Task

Cited by 137 publications

References 16 publications

Age-related differences in corrected and inhibited pointing movements

Age-related differences in corrected and inhibited pointing movements

Attentional capture and aging: Implications for visual search performance and oculomotor control.

Inhibitory control of memory in normal ageing: Dissociation between impaired intentional and preserved unintentional processes

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